Long non-coding RNA PVT1: Emerging biomarker in digestive system cancer

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Abstract

The digestive system cancers are leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide, and have high risks of morbidity and mortality. More and more long non‐coding RNA s (lnc RNA s) have been studied to be abnormally expressed in cancers and play a key role in the process of digestive system tumour progression. Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 ( PVT 1) seems fairly novel. Since 1984, PVT 1 was identified to be an activator of MYC in mice. Its role in human tumour initiation and progression has long been a subject of interest. The expression of PVT 1 is elevated in digestive system cancers and correlates with poor prognosis. In this review, we illustrate the various functions of PVT 1 during the different stages in the complex process of digestive system tumours (including oesophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer). The growing evidence shows the involvement of PVT 1 in both proliferation and differentiation process in addition to its involvement in epithelial to mesenchymal transition ( EMT ). These findings lead us to conclude that PVT 1 promotes proliferation, survival, invasion, metastasis and drug resistance in digestive system cancer cells. We will also discuss PVT 1's potential in diagnosis and treatment target of digestive system cancer. There was a great probability PVT 1 could be a novel biomarker in screening tumours, prognosis biomarkers and future targeted therapy to improve the survival rate in cancer patients.

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Recent progress in pancreatic cancer.

Christopher L. Wolfgang, Joseph M. Herman, Daniel Laheru … (2013)

Pancreatic cancer is currently one of the deadliest of the solid malignancies. However, surgery to resect neoplasms of the pancreas is safer and less invasive than ever, novel drug combinations have been shown to improve survival, advances in radiation therapy have resulted in less toxicity, and enormous strides have been made in the understanding of the fundamental genetics of pancreatic cancer. These advances provide hope but they also increase the complexity of caring for patients. It is clear that multidisciplinary care that provides comprehensive and coordinated evaluation and treatment is the most effective way to manage patients with pancreatic cancer. Copyright © 2013 American Cancer Society, Inc.

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Prediction of venous metastases, recurrence, and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma based on a unique immune response signature of the liver microenvironment.

Anuradha Budhu, Marshonna Forgues, Qing-Hai Ye … (2006)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignancy mainly due to metastases or postsurgical recurrence. We postulate that metastases are influenced by the liver microenvironment. Here, we show that a unique inflammation/immune response-related signature is associated with noncancerous hepatic tissues from metastatic HCC patients. This signature is principally different from that of the tumor. A global Th1/Th2-like cytokine shift in the venous metastasis-associated liver microenvironment coincides with elevated expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1). Moreover, a refined 17 gene signature was validated as a superior predictor of HCC venous metastases in an independent cohort, when compared to other clinical prognostic parameters. We suggest that a predominant humoral cytokine profile occurs in the metastatic liver milieu and that a shift toward anti-inflammatory/immune-suppressive responses may promote HCC metastases.