Skeletonized and pedicled internal thoracic artery grafts: Effect on free flow during bypass

Abstract

The skeletonization technique of the internal thoracic artery (ITA) is used as a dissection technique for myocardial revascularization procedures. This study compared free flow between skeletonized ITA grafts and ITA pedicled grafts. The ITA pedicled grafts were sprayed and wrapped in sponges soaked in dilute papaverine solution in 14 patients and prepared with intraluminal papaverine injection in 18 patients. For 23 other patients, the ITA was skeletonized. We measured the first free flow from the distal ITA early after the start of cardiopulmonary bypass and the second free flow just before the ITA was grafted to the left anterior descending artery. The first flow was greater in the skeletonized ITAs than in the ITA pedicled grafts with topical application of papaverine alone (38.9 +/- 15.8 versus 18.0 +/- 6.8 mL/min; p < 0.001). For the second flow, the pedicle grafts with intraluminal papaverine injection and the skeletonized ITAs showed greater flow rate than the pedicled grafts with topical application of papaverine (67.4 +/- 25.5 and 59.7 +/- 22.5 versus 38.1 +/- 13.1 mL/min; p < 0.005 and p < 0.05, respectively), but there was no significant difference between the former two groups (p = 0.53). Skeletonization of the ITA is as efficient a strategy to increase the flow as intraluminal papaverine injection for the ITA pedicled graft. When the ITA is harvested in a skeletonized fashion, arterial spasm and reduced early flow can be avoided, even without intraluminal injection of papaverine.