Testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA is reportedly more sensitive than cytology
for the detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The effectiveness
of HPV testing in primary cervical screening was assessed in the ARTISTIC trial, which
was done over two screening rounds approximately 3 years apart (2001-03 and 2004-07)
by comparing liquid-based cytology (LBC) combined with HPV testing against LBC alone.
Women aged 20-64 years who were undergoing routine screening as part of the English
National Health Service Cervical Screening Programme in Greater Manchester were randomly
assigned (between July, 2001, and September, 2003) in a ratio of 3:1 to either combined
LBC and HPV testing in which the results were revealed and acted on, or to combined
LBC and HPV testing where the HPV result was concealed from the patient and investigator.
The primary outcome was the detection rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade
3 or worse (CIN3+) in the second screening round, analysed by intention to treat.
This trial is registered with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial
Number ISRCTN25417821.
There were 24 510 eligible women at entry (18 386 in the revealed group, 6124 in the
concealed group). In the first round of screening 233 women (1.27%) in the revealed
group had CIN3+, compared with 80 (1.31%) women in the concealed group (odds ratio
[OR] 0.97, 95% CI 0.75-1.25; p>0.2). There was an unexpectedly large drop in the proportion
of women with CIN3+ between the first and second rounds of screening in both groups,
at 0.25% (29 of 11 676) in the revealed group and 0.47% (18 of 3866 women) in the
concealed group (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.30-0.96; p=0.042). For both rounds combined, the
proportion of women with CIN3+ were 1.51% (revealed) and 1.77% (concealed) (OR 0.85,
95% CI 0.67-1.08; p>0.2).
LBC combined with HPV testing resulted in a significantly lower detection rate of
CIN3+ in the second round of screening compared with LBC screening alone, but the
effect was small. Over the two screening rounds combined, co-testing did not detect
a higher rate of CIN3+ or CIN2+ than LBC alone. Potential changes in screening methodology
should be assessed over at least two screening rounds.
National Institute of Health Research Health Technology Assessment Programme.