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      O estudo dos efeitos não intencionais da ação intencional na teoria sociológica Translated title: The study of unintentional effects of intentional action in the sociological theory

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          Abstract

          No século 18, os ilustrados escoceses identificaram o paradoxo que haveriam de enfrentar depois as ciências sociais: a história é feita pelos seres humanos, mas não obedece a um plano humano. Neste artigo, reconstruímos a colocação deste problema central na tradição da teoria sociológica. Partimos da análise de Adam Smith, em sua tentativa de construir uma ciência social da produção riqueza. Logo nos ocupamos das primeiras colocações de Robert K. Merton no domínio da teoria sociológica. Passamos revista à forma como Raymond Boudon analisa o problema do ponto de vista do individualismo metodológico e ao modo como Anthony Giddens incorpora este paradoxo na explicação da reprodução social. Em uma avaliação preliminar, apontamos as limitações do funcionalismo mertoniano, na hora de explicar os efeitos não intencionais da ação intencional, mas, ao mesmo tempo, ressaltamos que o individualismo metodológico não fornece um conceito alternativo de causalidade. No final, tornamos explícito o debate ideológico que desata este paradoxo entre sociologias estruturalistas e reducionistas.

          Translated abstract

          In the 18th century, Scottish scholars identified the paradox that social sciences would have to face later on: history is made by human beings, though it does not obey a human plan. In this article, we reconstruct the rank of this central problem in the tradition of the sociological theory. We start from the analysis of Adam Smith, in his attempt to build a social science of wealth production. Then we deal with the first theses of Robert K. Merton in the domain of the sociological theory. We examine the way in which Raymond Boudon analyzes the problem from the perspective of methodological individualism and the way that Anthony Giddens incorporates this paradox in his explanation of social reproduction. In a preliminary evaluation, we point out the limitations of Mertonian functionalism in explaining nonintentional effects of intentional action, although, at the same time, we emphasize that methodological individualism does not provide an alternative concept for causality. In the end, we lay out the ideological debate that unfastens this paradox between structuralist and reductionist sociologies.

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          Most cited references31

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          The Unanticipated Consequences of Purposive Social Action

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            Social Dilemmas: The Anatomy of Cooperation

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              The Cement of Society

              Jon Elster (1989)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                soc
                Sociologias
                Sociologias
                Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia - UFRGS (Porto Alegre )
                1807-0337
                December 2011
                : 13
                : 28
                : 258-282
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil
                Article
                S1517-45222011000300009
                10.1590/S1517-45222011000300009
                aa76f7f2-b0b8-474b-960f-3fe0fe3a1746

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1517-4522&lng=en
                Categories
                SOCIOLOGY

                Sociology
                Causalidade funcional,Dilemas sociais,Social dilemmas,Efeitos combinatórios,Combinatory effects,Functional causality

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