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      Seeds with high molybdenum concentration improved growth and nitrogen acquisition of rhizobium-inoculated and nitrogen-fertilized common bean plants Translated title: Sementes com alta concentração de molibdênio aumentaram o crescimento e a aquisição de nitrogênio de plantas de feijoeiro inoculadas com rizóbio ou sob fertilização nitrogenada

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          Abstract

          Seeds of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) with high molybdenum (Mo) concentration can supply Mo plant demands, but to date no studies have concomitantly evaluated the effects of Mo-enriched seeds on plants inoculated with rhizobia or treated with N fertilizer. This work evaluated the effects of seed Mo on growth and N acquisition of bean plants fertilized either by symbiotic N or mineral N, by measuring the activities of nitrogenase and nitrate reductase and the contribution of biological N2 fixation at different growth stages. Seeds enriched or not with Mo were sown with two N sources (inoculated with rhizobia or fertilized with N), in pots with 10 kg of soil. In experiment 1, an additional treatment consisted of Mo-enriched seeds with Mo applied to the soil. In experiment 2, the contribution of N2 fixation was estimated by 15N isotope dilution. Common bean plants grown from seeds with high Mo concentration flowered one day earlier. Seeds with high Mo concentration increased the leaf area, shoot mass and N accumulation, with both N sources. The absence of effects of Mo application to the soil indicated that Mo contents of Mo-enriched seeds were sufficient for plant growth. Seeds enriched with Mo increased nitrogenase activity at the vegetative stage of inoculated plants, and nitrate reductase activity at late growth stages with both N sources. The contribution of N2 fixation was 17 and 61 % in plants originating from low- or high-Mo seeds, respectively. The results demonstrate the benefits of sowing Mo-enriched seeds on growth and N nutrition of bean plants inoculated with rhizobia or fertilized with mineral N fertilizer.

          Translated abstract

          Sementes de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) com alto teor de molibdênio (Mo) podem suprir as demandas vegetais; entretanto, estudos prévios não avaliaram concomitantemente os efeitos do Mo da semente em plantas inoculadas com rizóbio ou sob fertilização nitrogenada. Este trabalho avaliou os efeitos do Mo da semente, no crescimento e na aquisição de N de plantas de feijoeiro, sob N simbiótico ou N mineral, pela mensuração das atividades da nitrogenase e da nitrato redutase e da contribuição da fixação biológica de N2, em diferentes estádios de crescimento. Sementes enriquecidas ou não com Mo foram semeadas sob duas fontes de N, inoculadas com rizóbio ou fertilização nitrogenada, em vasos com 10 kg de solo. No experimento 1, um tratamento adicional consistiu de sementes enriquecidas com Mo e aplicação de Mo ao solo. No experimento 2, a contribuição da fixação biológica de N2 foi estimada pela diluição isotópica de 15N. Plantas de feijoeiro originadas de sementes com alto teor de Mo floresceram um dia antes. Sementes com alto teor de Mo aumentaram a área foliar, a massa de parte aérea e a acumulação de N, nas duas fontes de N. A ausência de efeitos do Mo adicional aplicado ao solo indicou que as sementes enriquecidas com esse nutriente foram suficientes para o crescimento vegetal. Sementes enriquecidas com Mo elevaram a atividade da nitrogenase, no estádio vegetativo de plantas inoculadas, e da nitrato redutase, em estádios tardios nas duas fontes de N. A contribuição da fixação biológica de N2 foi de 17 e 61 %, em plantas oriundas de sementes com baixo e alto teor de Mo, respectivamente. Os resultados evidenciaram os benefícios das sementes enriquecidas com Mo para o crescimento e a nutrição nitrogenada do feijoeiro, quando inoculado com rizóbio ou sob adubação nitrogenada.

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          Most cited references34

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          Biological nitrogen fixation by common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) increases with bio-char additions

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            Nitrate reductase assay in intact plant tissues.

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              The role of molybdenum in agricultural plant production.

              The importance of molybdenum for plant growth is disproportionate with respect to the absolute amounts required by most plants. Apart from Cu, Mo is the least abundant essential micronutrient found in most plant tissues and is often set as the base from which all other nutrients are compared and measured. Molybdenum is utilized by selected enzymes to carry out redox reactions. Enzymes that require molybdenum for activity include nitrate reductase, xanthine dehydrogenase, aldehyde oxidase and sulfite oxidase. Loss of Mo-dependent enzyme activity (directly or indirectly through low internal molybdenum levels) impacts upon plant development, in particular, those processes involving nitrogen metabolism and the synthesis of the phytohormones abscisic acid and indole-3 butyric acid. Currently, there is little information on how plants access molybdate from the soil solution and redistribute it within the plant. In this review, the role of molybdenum in plants is discussed, focusing on its current constraints in some agricultural situations and where increased molybdenum nutrition may aid in agricultural plant development and yields. Molybdenum deficiencies are considered rare in most agricultural cropping areas; however, the phenotype is often misdiagnosed and attributed to other downstream effects associated with its role in various enzymatic redox reactions. Molybdenum fertilization through foliar sprays can effectively supplement internal molybdenum deficiencies and rescue the activity of molybdoenzymes. The current understanding on how plants access molybdate from the soil solution or later redistribute it once in the plant is still unclear; however, plants have similar physiological molybdenum transport phenotypes to those found in prokaryotic systems. Thus, careful analysis of existing prokaryotic molybdate transport mechanisms, as well as a re-examination of know anion transport mechanisms present in plants, will help to resolve how this important trace element is accumulated.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbcs
                Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
                Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo
                Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo (Viçosa, MG, Brazil )
                1806-9657
                April 2013
                : 37
                : 2
                : 367-378
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUFRRJ orgdiv1Departamento de Fitotecnia
                [02] orgnameUFRRJ orgdiv1Departamento de Solos
                [03] orgnameEmbrapa Agrobiologia
                Article
                S0100-06832013000200008 S0100-0683(13)03700200008
                10.1590/S0100-06832013000200008
                aa78a869-8818-4f25-9570-8300cf2bfec0

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 January 2013
                : 12 April 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Soil Processes and Properties

                nodulation,Phaseolus vulgaris,biological N2 fixation,15N isotope dilution,ontogeny,nodulação,fixação biológica de N2,diluição isotópica de 15N,ontogenia

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