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      Alterations in Reactivity of Small Arterioles in Rat Skeletal Muscle as a Result of Chronic Ischaemia

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          Abstract

          In a model of chronic hind limb ischaemia, we examined whether impaired muscle blood flow, particularly during exercise, is partly due to modification of the reactivity of skeletal muscle resistance vessels by prolonged low blood flow. Two or 5 weeks after unilateral iliac artery ligation, terminal (A4) and preterminal (A3) arterioles of extensor digitorum longus muscle were viewed by intravital microscopy using epi-illumination, and diameter changes to topical application of endothelium-dependent (bradykinin, acetylcholine) and endothelium-independent (adenosine, sodium nitroprusside and noradrenaline) agonists measured. Chronic ischaemia had no effect on resting diameters of A3 or A4 vessels. Two weeks after ligation, dilation to bradykinin was attenuated by 75% for A3 and 50% for A4 arterioles (p < 0.01 vs. control) and responses to acetylcholine were reversed from dilation to constriction (A3: control diameter change +29%, 2-week-ligated –17%; A4: control 18%, 2-week-ligated –13%). Five weeks after ligation, these effects were still apparent and, additionally, dilation to adenosine and sodium nitroprusside and constriction to noradrenaline were reduced. Thus, impaired dilation, most likely due to endothelial dysfunction, is an early manifestation of altered reactivity in the microcirculation of chronically ischaemic muscles, with functional impairment of vascular smooth muscle as a later consequence. These changes occurred despite modest improvements in muscle blood flow and perfusion pressure over the same time. These changes will act to the detriment of blood flow in contracting muscles and could limit the outcome of interventions to restore flow such as angioplasty or surgical bypass.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          JVR
          J Vasc Res
          10.1159/issn.1018-1172
          Journal of Vascular Research
          S. Karger AG
          1018-1172
          1423-0135
          2001
          June 2001
          25 May 2001
          : 38
          : 3
          : 212-218
          Affiliations
          aSchool of Sport and Exercise Sciences and bDepartment of Physiology, University of Birmingham, UK
          Article
          51049 J Vasc Res 2001;38:212–218
          10.1159/000051049
          11399893
          aa91579d-02ff-44c0-acd4-2f4e439047df
          © 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel

          Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

          History
          Page count
          Figures: 3, Tables: 1, References: 36, Pages: 7
          Categories
          Research Paper

          General medicine,Neurology,Cardiovascular Medicine,Internal medicine,Nephrology
          Microscopy, intravital,Arterioles,Skeletal muscle,Ischaemia, chronic

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