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      Molecular diagnostic of cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus and Herpes virus 6 infections among blood donors by multiplex real-time PCR in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          In most developing countries, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and Herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) are not diagnosed in blood donors. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of these viruses in blood donors from the city of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

          Methods

          The study included 198 blood donors of the Regional Blood Transfusion Centre of Ouagadougou. Multiplex real time PCR was used to diagnose the three viruses. Statistical analysis was performed with the software EpiInfo version 6 and SPSS version 17. P values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant.

          Results

          Of 198 samples tested, 18 (9.1%) were positive to at least one of the three viruses. In fact, 10 (5.1%) were positive for EBV, 10 (5.1%) positive for CMV and 12 (6.1%) positive for HHV-6. Viral infections were higher in women than in men, EBV (8,6% versus 4.3%), CMV (8.6% versus 3.7%) and HHV-6 (11.4% versus 4.9%). EBV / CMV / HHV-6 co-infection was found in 3.5% (7/198) of blood donors.

          Conclusion

          The prevalence recorded in this study is low compared to those found in previous studies from the sub-region among blood donors. The molecular diagnostic test used in our study could explain the differences with previous studies.

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          Most cited references24

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          Isolation of a new virus, HBLV, in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders.

          P Markham, Joshua Kaplan, B Kramarsky … (1986)
          A novel human B-lymphotropic virus (HBLV) was isolated from the peripheral blood leukocytes of six individuals: two HTLV-III seropositive patients from the United States (one with AIDS-related lymphoma and one with dermatopathic lymphadenopathy), three HTLV-III seronegative patients from the United States (one with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, one with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and one with immunoblastic lymphoma), and one HTLV-III seronegative patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia from Jamaica. All six isolates were closely related by antigenic analysis, and sera from all six virus-positive patients reacted immunologically with each virus isolate. In contrast, only four sera from 220 randomly selected healthy donors and none from 12 AIDS patients without associated lymphoma were seropositive. The virus selectively infected freshly isolated human B cells and converted them into large, refractile mono- or binucleated cells with nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. HBLV is morphologically similar to viruses of the herpesvirus family but is readily distinguishable from the known human and nonhuman primate herpesviruses by host range, in vitro biological effects, and antigenic features.
          Article 0 comments Cited 144 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Human cytomegalovirus: clinical aspects, immune regulation, and emerging treatments.

            Pranav K. Gandhi, Rajiv Khanna (2004)
            After initial infection, human cytomegalovirus remains in a persistent state with the host. Immunity against the virus controls replication, although intermitent viral shedding can still take place in the seropositive immunocompetent person. Replication of cytomegalovirus in the absence of an effective immune response is central to the pathogenesis of disease. Therefore, complications are primarily seen in individuals whose immune system is immature, or is suppressed by drug treatment or coinfection with other pathogens. Although our increasing knowledge of the host-virus relationship has lead to the development of new pharmacological strategies for cytomegalovirus-associated infections, these strategies all have limitations-eg, drug toxicities, development of resistance, poor oral bioavailability, and low potency. Immune-based therapies to complement pharmacological strategies for the successful treatment of virus-associated complications should be prospectively investigated.
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              Cytomegalovirus infection in ulcerative colitis: a prospective, comparative study on prevalence and diagnostic strategy.

              Esther Garcia-Esquinas, Jaume Boix, Isabel Ojanguren … (2008)
              Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has been reported in ulcerative colitis (UC), especially in severe, steroid-refractory disease. However, its role in steroid-refractoriness remains unknown. Our goals were to evaluate the prevalence of CMV disease in UC, the best diagnostic strategy, and the influence of disease activity and/or treatment in its development. Prospective, observational study including 114 subjects with active UC requiring intravenous steroids, steroid-refractory UC, inactive UC on mesalamine, inactive UC on azathioprine, and healthy controls. CMV antibodies, pp65-antigenemia, and rectal biopsies for hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, and CMV-pp67 mRNA were performed. These procedures were repeated after medical treatment only in patients with active UC. CMV disease was defined by the presence of inclusion bodies and/or positive immunohistochemistry in colonic biopsies. CMV disease was found in 6 steroid-refractory, CMV-IgG-positive UC patients but not among controls, inactive UC, or steroid-responding UC patients. In 5 out of the 6 patients, CMV disease was diagnosed after 7-10 days on cyclosporine. CMV disease in UC only affects seropositive, steroid-refractory UC patients. Steroid/cyclosporine treatment together with disease activity may predispose to latent colonic CMV reactivation. The impact of antiviral therapy on the clinical outcome of these patients remains to be elucidated.
              Article 0 comments Cited 57 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Pan Afr Med J
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Pan Afr Med J
                Journal ID (publisher-id): PAMJ
                Title: The Pan African Medical Journal
                Publisher: The African Field Epidemiology Network
                ISSN (Electronic): 1937-8688
                Publication date (Electronic): 03 August 2016
                Publication date Collection: 2016
                Volume: 24
                Electronic Location Identifier: 298
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Biomolecular Research Center Pietro Annigoni Labiogene, UFR / SVT, University of Ouagadougou BP 364 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
                [2 ]Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Sciences and Techniques of Masuku, P 943 Franceville, Gabon
                [3 ]Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Monitoring of Communicable of Bacteria and Viruses Through Food, UFR / SVT, University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
                Author notes
                [& ]Corresponding author: Cyrille Bisseye, Biomolecular Research Center Pietro Annigoni Labiogene, UFR / SVT, University Ouaga I Pr KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
                Article
                Publisher ID: PAMJ-24-298
                DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.24.298.6578
                PMC ID: 5267872
                SO-VID: aa979490-ab2e-43ca-b0b1-c90841b2a4a7
                Copyright © © Lassina Traore et al.
                License:

                The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 16 March 2015
                Date accepted : 15 July 2016
                Categories
                Subject: Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: ebv,cmv,hhv-6,burkina faso
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: ebv, cmv, hhv-6, burkina faso

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