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      • Abstract: found
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      Agricultural Extension Messages Using Video on Portable Devices Increased Knowledge about Seed Selection, Storage and Handling among Smallholder Potato Farmers in Southwestern Uganda

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          To feed a growing population, agricultural productivity needs to increase dramatically. Agricultural extension information, with its public, non-rival nature, is generally undersupplied, and public provision remains challenging. In this study, simple agricultural extension video messages, delivered through Android tablets, were tested in the field to determine if they increased farmers’ knowledge of recommended practices on (i) potato seed selection and (ii) seed storage and handling among a sample of potato farmers in southwestern Uganda. Using a field experiment with ex ante matching in a factorial design, it was established that showing agricultural extension videos significantly increased farmers’ knowledge. However, results suggested impact pathways that went beyond simply replicating what was shown in the video. Video messages may have triggered a process of abstraction, whereby farmers applied insights gained in one context to a different context.

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          Informal Taxation.

          Monica Singhal, Benjamin A Olken (2011)
          Informal payments are a frequently overlooked source of local public finance in developing countries. We use microdata from ten countries to establish stylized facts on the magnitude, form, and distributional implications of this "informal taxation." Informal taxation is widespread, particularly in rural areas, with substantial in-kind labor payments. The wealthy pay more, but pay less in percentage terms, and informal taxes are more regressive than formal taxes. Failing to include informal taxation underestimates household tax burdens and revenue decentralization in developing countries. We discuss various explanations for and implications of these observed stylized facts.
          Article 0 comments Cited 36 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            The influence of retrieval on retention.

            M Carrier, H Pashler (1992)
            Four experiments tested the hypothesis that successful retrieval of an item from memory affects retention only because the retrieval provides an additional presentation of the target item. Two methods of learning paired associates were compared. In the pure study trial (pure ST condition) method, both items of a pair were presented simultaneously for study. In the test trial/study trial (TTST condition) method, subjects attempted to retrieve the response term during a period in which only the stimulus term was present (and the response term of the pair was presented after a 5-sec delay). Final retention of target items was tested with cued-recall tests. In Experiment 1, there was a reliable advantage in final testing for nonsense-syllable/number pairs in the TTST condition over pairs in the pure ST condition. In Experiment 2, the same result was obtained with Eskimo/English word pairs. This benefit of the TTST condition was not apparently different for final retrieval after 5 min or after 24 h. Experiments 3 and 4 ruled out two artifactual explanations of the TTST advantage observed in the first two experiments. Because performing a memory retrieval (TTST condition) led to better performance than pure study (pure ST condition), the results reject the hypothesis that a successful retrieval is beneficial only to the extent that it provides another study experience.
            Article 0 comments Cited 9 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Author and article information

              Contributors
              Arash Rashed: Role: Editor
              Journal
              Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
              Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE
              Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
              Journal ID (pmc): plosone
              Title: PLoS ONE
              Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
              ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
              Publication date Collection: 2017
              Publication date (Electronic): 25 January 2017
              Volume: 12
              Issue: 1
              Electronic Location Identifier: e0169557
              Affiliations
              [1 ]Development Strategy and Governance Division, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Kampala, Uganda
              [2 ]LICOS Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
              [3 ]International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kampala, Uganda
              University of Idaho, UNITED STATES
              Author notes

              Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

              • Conceptualization: BVC SV PVA.

              • Data curation: BVC SV.

              • Formal analysis: BVC.

              • Funding acquisition: BVC PVA.

              • Investigation: BVC SV WW.

              • Methodology: BVC SV.

              • Project administration: BVC PVA.

              • Resources: BVC SV WW.

              • Software: BVC.

              • Supervision: BVC PVA.

              • Validation: BVC SV.

              • Visualization: BVC SV.

              • Writing – original draft: BVC SV PVA.

              • Writing – review & editing: BVC SV PVA.

              Article
              Publisher ID: PONE-D-16-35979
              DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169557
              PMC ID: 5266271
              PubMed ID: 28122005
              SO-VID: aa99ff76-ff93-45f9-b958-f1f676b38d82
              Copyright © © 2017 Van Campenhout et al
              License:

              This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

              History
              Date received : 7 September 2016
              Date accepted : 19 December 2016
              Page count
              Figures: 2, Tables: 3, Pages: 17
              Funding
              Funded by: Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Uganda
              The authors received funding from the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Uganda, through the Policy Action for Sustainable Intensification of Cropping Systems in Uganda (PASIC). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
              Categories
              Subject: Research Article
              Subject: People and Places
              Subject: Population Groupings
              Subject: Professions
              Subject: Agricultural Workers
              Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
              Subject: Organisms
              Subject: Plants
              Subject: Solanum
              Subject: Potato
              Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
              Subject: Agriculture
              Subject: Crop Science
              Subject: Crops
              Subject: Vegetables
              Subject: Potato
              Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
              Subject: Organisms
              Subject: Plants
              Subject: Vegetables
              Subject: Potato
              Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
              Subject: Plant Science
              Subject: Plant Anatomy
              Subject: Seeds
              Subject: Research and Analysis Methods
              Subject: Storage and Handling
              Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
              Subject: Plant Science
              Subject: Plant Anatomy
              Subject: Tubers
              Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
              Subject: Agriculture
              Subject: Agronomy
              Subject: Horticulture
              Subject: Planting
              Subject: Research and Analysis Methods
              Subject: Research Design
              Subject: Experimental Design
              Subject: Factorial Design
              Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
              Subject: Neuroscience
              Subject: Cognitive Science
              Subject: Cognitive Psychology
              Subject: Language
              Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
              Subject: Psychology
              Subject: Cognitive Psychology
              Subject: Language
              Subject: Social Sciences
              Subject: Psychology
              Subject: Cognitive Psychology
              Subject: Language
              Custom metadata
              Data Availability All relevant data are within the Supporting Information files.

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              ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

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