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      Challenges in licensing the industrial double-rig trawl fisheries in Brazil Translated title: Desafíos en el licenciamiento de la pesca de arrastre industrial tangonera en Brasil

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          Abstract

          Bottom trawling is important in Brazilian fisheries and is currently highly multi-specific due to the overexploitation of the original targets; unselective fishing method; very large permitted fishing area and the country's high marine biodiversity. Fishing licensing in Brazil was modified in 2012 and is now based in five criteria: target species; "expected by-catch"; "incidental catches"; fishing method and area of operation. Licenses of trawling fleets exhibit, therefore, dozens of species catchable under the first three criteria. In this paper, we analyze industrial double-rig trawling fleets targeting shrimps and demersal fishes, in order to verify in what extent the new system adhere to the current fishing reality, giving new information to improve the current management regime. A total of 4,194 trips from 191 vessels were studied between 2008 and 2010 in southern Brazil. In spite of depending economically on their targets, the fleets are formally authorized to catch a high percentage of species in common (41 to 71%), and the actual landings revealed an even greater overlapping among them (71 to 82%). Vessels licensed to catch demersal fishes obtained nearly 50% of their revenue from items not included in their licenses. It was concluded that the current system encourages excessive effort concentrations over fishing resources, as they can be legally caught by most vessels irrespective of their licenses. It is suggested that licensing should move from a species-based to a spatial-based approach, by defining smaller management areas according to the respective species assemblages. Landing composition would be, therefore, mostly a biological and technological consequence, making management more reasonable and workable under a multi-specific and mega-diverse scenario.

          Translated abstract

          La pesca de arrastre es importante en las pesquerías brasileñas y actualmente es altamente multi-específica debido a la sobre-explotación de las especies objetivo originales, al método de pesca no selectivo, las grandes áreas de pesca permitidas y a la alta biodiversidad marina del país. En Brasil, la concesión de licencias de pesca fue modificada recientemente. Se definieron licencias bajo cinco criterios: especies objetivo, fauna acompañante esperable, capturas incidentales, método de pesca y área de operación. Según los tres primeros nuevos criterios, las licencias de las flotas arrastreras exhiben decenas de especies capturables. En este trabajo, se analizaron las flotas tangoneras industriales que capturan camarones y peces demersales, en orden a verificar en qué medida el nuevo sistema se adecúa a la realidad pesquera actual y mejora la gestión. Se estudiaron 4.194 viajes realizados por 191 embarcaciones entre 2008 y 2010 en el sur de Brasil. A pesar de depender económicamente de las especies objetivo, las flotas están autorizadas oficialmente a capturar un alto porcentaje de especies coincidentes (41 a 71%), sin embargo los desembarques actuales muestran incluso una superposición mayor (71 a 82%). Las embarcaciones con licencia para peces demersales obtuvieron cerca del 50% de sus ingresos a partir de especies no incluidas en sus licencias. El sistema actual favorece excesivas concentraciones de esfuerzo sobre los recursos pesqueros dado que éstos pueden ser legalmente capturados por la mayoría de las embarcaciones, independientemente de las licencias que poseen. La concesión de licencias debería pasar de un enfoque basado en especies a uno basado en áreas de manejo definidas de acuerdo a los respectivos ensambles de especies. De este modo, la composición de los desembarques sería principalmente una consecuencia biológica y tecnológica, haciendo que la gestión sea más razonable y viable bajo un escenario multi-específico y mega-diverso.

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              An overview of marine fisheries management in China

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                lajar
                Latin american journal of aquatic research
                Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res.
                Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso<BR>Facultad de Recursos Naturales<BR>Escuela de Ciencias del Mar (Valparaíso )
                0718-560X
                July 2015
                : 43
                : 3
                : 495-513
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade do Vale do Itajaí Brazil
                [2 ] Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Santa Catarina Brazil
                Article
                S0718-560X2015000300011
                10.3856/vol43-issue3-fulltext-11
                aaa9b3aa-c00a-4be8-bb12-e63e90382b5f

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
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                SciELO Chile

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0718-560X&lng=en
                Categories
                FISHERIES
                MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
                OCEANOGRAPHY

                Oceanography & Hydrology,Aquaculture & Fisheries,Ecology
                demersal fisheries,management,gestión,licencias de pesca,pesquería demersal,dinámica pesquera,Brasil,fishing licensing,fishing dynamics,Brazil

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