Highly conductive electronics circuits from aerosol jet printed silver inks

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Abstract

Recently, low-cost electronics printed on lightweight, flexible and 3D shaped substrates are gaining importance in the markets of wearables and smart packaging. However, printed electronics do not meet the electrical performance of subtractive techniques because the resistivity of metallic printed patterns is still much higher than that of bulk material. To fulfil this need, low-resistive and easy printable inks for high resolution printed electronics techniques are needed. In this work, parameters of silver nanoparticles ink for micro-scale printed electronics technique, Aerosol Jet Printing, are being enhanced. To increase electrical conductivity and enhance printability, surfactants and dispersing agents were used to increase ultrasonic atomisation efficiency, obtain a uniform structure of printed lines, and narrow the width of printed patterns. Electrical measurements show a decrease in resistivity value in samples enhanced by cationic and non-ionic surfactants, by 95%, compared to initially prepared inks. Surfactant additions to silver nanoparticles Aerosol Jet Printing ink show promising features for application in modern electronics.

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Optimization of aerosol jet printing for high-resolution, high-aspect ratio silver lines.

Ankit Mahajan, Lorraine Francis, C Daniel Frisbie (2013)

Aerosol jet printing requires control of a number of process parameters, including the flow rate of the carrier gas that transports the aerosol mist to the substrate, the flow rate of the sheath gas that collimates the aerosol into a narrow beam, and the speed of the stage that transports the substrate beneath the beam. In this paper, the influence of process parameters on the geometry of aerosol-jet-printed silver lines is studied with the aim of creating high-resolution conductive lines of high current carrying capacity. A systematic study of process conditions revealed a key parameter: the ratio of the sheath gas flow rate to the carrier gas flow rate, defined here as the focusing ratio. Line width decreases with increasing the focusing ratio and stage speed. Simultaneously, the thickness increases with increasing the focusing ratio but decreases with increasing stage speed. Geometry control also influences the resistance per unit length and single pass printing of low-resistance silver lines is demonstrated. The results are used to develop an operability window and locate the regime for printing tall and narrow silver lines in a single pass. Under optimum conditions, lines as narrow as 20 μm with aspect ratios (thickness/width) greater than 0.1 are obtained.

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Breaking up of a Drop of Viscous Liquid Immersed in Another Viscous Fluid Which is Extending at a Uniform Rate

S. Tomotika (1936)

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Correlations to predict droplet size in ultrasonic atomisation.

R. Rajan, A.B. Pandit (2001)

In conventional two fluid nozzles, the high velocity air imparts its energy to the liquid and disrupts the liquid sheet into droplets. If the energy for liquid sheet fragmentation can be supplied by the use of ultrasonic energy, finer droplets with high sphericity and uniform size distribution can be achieved. The other advantage of ultrasound induced atomisation process is the lower momentum associated with ejected droplets compared to the momentum carried by the droplets formed using conventional nozzles. This has advantage in coating and granulation processes. An ultrasonic probe sonicator was designed with a facility for liquid feed arrangement and was used to atomise the liquid into droplets. An ingenious method of droplet measurement was attempted by capturing the droplets on a filter paper (size variation with regard to wicking was uniform in all cases) and these are subjected to image analysis to obtain the droplet sizes. This procedure was evaluated by high-speed photography of droplets ejected at one particular experimental condition and these were image analysed. The correlations proposed in the literature to predict droplet sizes using ultrasound do not take into account all the relevant parameters. In this work, a truly universal correlation is proposed which accounts for the effects of physico-chemical properties of the liquid (flow rate, viscosity, density and surface tension), and ultrasonic properties like amplitude, frequency and the area of vibrating surface. The significant contribution of this work is to define dimensionless numbers incorporating ultrasonic parameters, taking cue from the conventional numbers that define the significance of different forces involved in droplet formation. The universal correlations proposed are robust and can be used for designing ultrasonic atomisers for different applications. Among the correlations proposed here, those ones that are based on the dimensionless numbers and Davies approach predict droplet sizes within acceptable limits of deviation. Also, an empirical correlation from experimental data has been proposed in this work.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Kacper Skarżyński:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6378-4090

kacper.skarzynski.dokt@pw.edu.pl

Marcin Słoma:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-6041

marcin.sloma@pw.edu.pl

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Rep

Title: Scientific Reports

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322

Publication date (Electronic): 13 September 2021

Publication date PMC-release: 13 September 2021

Publication date Collection: 2021

Volume: 11

Electronic Location Identifier: 18141

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.1035.7, ISNI 0000000099214842, Micro- and Nanotechnology Division, Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechatronics, , Warsaw University of Technology, ; 8 sw. A. Boboli st., 02-525 Warsaw, Poland

[2 ]CEZAMAT Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Poleczki St. 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland

Author information

Kacper Skarżyński https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6378-4090

Jakub Krzemiński https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7981-7213

Małgorzata Jakubowska https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9549-0385

Marcin Słoma https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-6041

Article

Publisher ID: 97312

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97312-5

PMC ID: 8437949

PubMed ID: 34518558

SO-VID: aaadb9b6-e959-4350-bc3b-6a0dad159e78

License:

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date received : 15 April 2021

Date accepted : 24 August 2021

Funding

Funded by: Foundation for Polish Science

Award ID: project nr First TEAM/2016-1/7

Award Recipient : Kacper Skarżyński Jakub Krzemiński Marcin Słoma

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

Keywords: engineering,materials science,nanoscience and technology

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

Keywords: engineering, materials science, nanoscience and technology

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Highly conductive electronics circuits from aerosol jet printed silver inks

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African Journal of Engineering & Technology

Most cited references 24

Optimization of aerosol jet printing for high-resolution, high-aspect ratio silver lines.

Breaking up of a Drop of Viscous Liquid Immersed in Another Viscous Fluid Which is Extending at a Uniform Rate

Correlations to predict droplet size in ultrasonic atomisation.

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