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      Transfer of the left-side bias effect in perceptual expertise: The case of simplified and traditional Chinese character recognition

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      Author(s): 1 , 2 , 1 , *
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      Journal: PLoS ONE
      Publisher: Public Library of Science

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          Abstract

          The left-side bias (LSB) effect observed in face and expert Chinese character perception is suggested to be an expertise marker for visual object recognition. However, in character perception this effect is limited to characters printed in a familiar font (font-sensitive LSB effect). Here we investigated whether the LSB and font-sensitive LSB effects depend on participants’ familiarity with global structure or local component information of the stimuli through examining their transfer effects across simplified and traditional Chinese scripts: the two Chinese scripts share similar overall structures but differ in the visual complexity of local components in general. We found that LSB in expert Chinese character processing could be transferred to the Chinese script that the readers are unfamiliar with. In contrast, the font-sensitive LSB effect did not transfer, and was limited to characters with the visual complexity the readers were most familiar with. These effects suggest that the LSB effect may be generalized to another visual category with similar overall structures; in contrast, effects of within-category variations such as fonts may depend on familiarity with local component information of the stimuli, and thus may be limited to the exemplars of the category that experts are typically exposed to.

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          Faces are "spatial"--holistic face perception is supported by low spatial frequencies.

          Bruno Rossion, Valerie Goffaux (2006)
          Faces are perceived holistically, a phenomenon best illustrated when the processing of a face feature is affected by the other features. Here, the authors tested the hypothesis that the holistic perception of a face mainly relies on its low spatial frequencies. Holistic face perception was tested in two classical paradigms: the whole-part advantage (Experiment 1) and the composite face effect (Experiments 2-4). Holistic effects were equally large or larger for low-pass filtered faces as compared to full-spectrum faces and significantly larger than for high-pass filtered faces. The disproportionate composite effect found for low-pass filtered faces was not observed when holistic perception was disrupted by inversion (Experiment 3). Experiment 4 showed that the composite face effect was enhanced only for low spatial frequencies, but not for intermediate spatial frequencies known be critical for face recognition. These findings indicate that holistic face perception is largely supported by low spatial frequencies. They also suggest that holistic processing precedes the analysis of local features during face perception. ((c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved).
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            A meta-analysis of fMRI studies on Chinese orthographic, phonological, and semantic processing.

            Chiao-Yi Wu, Moon-Ho Ringo Ho, Shen-Hsing Chen (2012)
            A growing body of neuroimaging evidence has shown that Chinese character processing recruits differential activation from alphabetic languages due to its unique linguistic features. As more investigations on Chinese character processing have recently become available, we applied a meta-analytic approach to summarize previous findings and examined the neural networks for orthographic, phonological, and semantic processing of Chinese characters independently. The activation likelihood estimation (ALE) method was used to analyze eight studies in the orthographic task category, eleven in the phonological and fifteen in the semantic task categories. Converging activation among three language-processing components was found in the left middle frontal gyrus, the left superior parietal lobule and the left mid-fusiform gyrus, suggesting a common sub-network underlying the character recognition process regardless of the task nature. With increasing task demands, the left inferior parietal lobule and the right superior temporal gyrus were specialized for phonological processing, while the left middle temporal gyrus was involved in semantic processing. Functional dissociation was identified in the left inferior frontal gyrus, with the posterior dorsal part for phonological processing and the anterior ventral part for semantic processing. Moreover, bilateral involvement of the ventral occipito-temporal regions was found for both phonological and semantic processing. The results provide better understanding of the neural networks underlying Chinese orthographic, phonological, and semantic processing, and consolidate the findings of additional recruitment of the left middle frontal gyrus and the right fusiform gyrus for Chinese character processing as compared with the universal language network that has been based on alphabetic languages. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              Chinese character acquisition and visual skills in two Chinese scripts

              Catherine McBride-Chang, Bonnie W. Y. Chow, Yiping Zhong … (2005)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Tianyin Liu: Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Su-Ling Yeh: Role: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Janet H. Hsiao:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2271-8710
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Koji Miwa: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Journal ID (pmc): plosone
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date (Electronic): 2 April 2018
                Publication date Collection: 2018
                Volume: 13
                Issue: 4
                Electronic Location Identifier: e0194405
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
                [2 ] Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
                Nagoya University, JAPAN
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                [¤]

                Current address: Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2271-8710
                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-17-20185
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194405
                PMC ID: 5880342
                PubMed ID: 29608570
                SO-VID: aab27512-1dab-4cbb-8150-eafdf645dd91
                Copyright © © 2018 Liu et al
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 26 May 2017
                Date accepted : 20 February 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 2, Pages: 17
                Funding
                Funded by: Research Grant Council of Hong Kong
                Award ID: HKU 758412H
                Award Recipient :
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2271-8710
                Funded by: Research Grant Council of Hong Kong
                Award ID: HKU 745210H
                Award Recipient :
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2271-8710
                This study is funded by the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong ( http://www.ugc.edu.hk), project codes HKU 758412H and 745210H to J.H. Hsiao. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Neuroscience
                Subject: Sensory Perception
                Subject: Vision
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Sensory Perception
                Subject: Vision
                Subject: Social Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Sensory Perception
                Subject: Vision
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Neuroscience
                Subject: Cognitive Science
                Subject: Cognition
                Subject: Memory
                Subject: Face Recognition
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Neuroscience
                Subject: Learning and Memory
                Subject: Memory
                Subject: Face Recognition
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Neuroscience
                Subject: Cognitive Science
                Subject: Cognitive Psychology
                Subject: Perception
                Subject: Face Recognition
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Cognitive Psychology
                Subject: Perception
                Subject: Face Recognition
                Subject: Social Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Cognitive Psychology
                Subject: Perception
                Subject: Face Recognition
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Neuroscience
                Subject: Sensory Perception
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Sensory Perception
                Subject: Social Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Sensory Perception
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Geographical Locations
                Subject: Asia
                Subject: Taiwan
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Neuroscience
                Subject: Cognitive Science
                Subject: Cognition
                Subject: Memory
                Subject: Object Recognition
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Neuroscience
                Subject: Learning and Memory
                Subject: Memory
                Subject: Object Recognition
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Neuroscience
                Subject: Cognitive Science
                Subject: Cognitive Psychology
                Subject: Perception
                Subject: Object Recognition
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Cognitive Psychology
                Subject: Perception
                Subject: Object Recognition
                Subject: Social Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Cognitive Psychology
                Subject: Perception
                Subject: Object Recognition
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Neuroscience
                Subject: Cognitive Science
                Subject: Cognitive Psychology
                Subject: Language
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Cognitive Psychology
                Subject: Language
                Subject: Social Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Cognitive Psychology
                Subject: Language
                Subject: People and places
                Subject: Geographical locations
                Subject: Asia
                Subject: Hong Kong
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Anatomy
                Subject: Head
                Subject: Face
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Anatomy
                Subject: Head
                Subject: Face
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