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      EVALUATION OF ETHICAL IN INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS OF BRAZILIAN SURGICAL JOURNALS Translated title: Avaliação dos quesitos éticos presente nas instruções aos autores de revistas cirúrgicas brasileiras

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          Abstract

          Background:

          The instructions to authors are the only means of communication between researchers and the editorial standards of a scientific journal. One of the mandatory items to be contained therein is about the ethical part, to prevent new research to carry out abuses with the enrolled on the research are published and stimulated.

          Aim:

          To verify the ethical questions on the guidelines of Brazilian surgical journals

          Method:

          Thirteen selected journals were divided into two groups: general surgery (n=3), and surgical specialty (n=10). The instructions to authors were analyzed by the quote of ethical requirements based on a specific research protocol, ranging from zero to six points.

          Results:

          The average score of the general surgery group was similar than that of the surgical specialty group (3.66±0.57 vs 3.30±1.15, p=0.6154). When each ethical requirement was compared between the groups, there was no significant difference between the ethical requirements (p<0.05).

          Conclusion:

          There was respect for most ethical questions evaluated, with no difference between the journals of general or specialty surgery.

          Translated abstract

          Racional:

          As instruções aos autores são a principal comunicação entre os pesquisadores e as políticas editoriais. Um dos itens obrigatórios que devem conter é sobre a parte ética, para evitar que novas pesquisas que realizem abusos com os incluídos na pesquisa sejam publicadas e estimuladas.

          Objetivo:

          Verificar os quesitos éticos das instruções aos autores de revistas cirúrgicas nacionais.

          Método:

          Treze revistas escolhidas aleatoriamente do campo cirúrgico foram selecionadas. As instruções aos autores foram analisadas com base em protocolo de pesquisa contendo seis itens que devem obrigatoriamente conter nas instruções aos autores.

          Resultados:

          A média da pontuação do grupo de revistas gerais foi semelhante que o grupo de revistas sobre especialidades cirúrgicas (3,66±0,57 vs 3,30±1,15, p=0,6154). Quando cada quesito ético foi comparado entre os grupos, não houve diferença significativa entre os quesitos estudados (p>0,05).

          Conclusão:

          Houve respeito pela maioria dos quesitos éticos avaliados, sem diferença entre as revistas de cunho geral ou especializadas.

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          Ethics and clinical research

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            The Nuremberg Code subverts human health and safety by requiring animal modeling

            Background The requirement that animals be used in research and testing in order to protect humans was formalized in the Nuremberg Code and subsequent national and international laws, codes, and declarations. Discussion We review the history of these requirements and contrast what was known via science about animal models then with what is known now. We further analyze the predictive value of animal models when used as test subjects for human response to drugs and disease. We explore the use of animals for models in toxicity testing as an example of the problem with using animal models. Summary We conclude that the requirements for animal testing found in the Nuremberg Code were based on scientifically outdated principles, compromised by people with a vested interest in animal experimentation, serve no useful function, increase the cost of drug development, and prevent otherwise safe and efficacious drugs and therapies from being implemented.
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              Declaração de Helsinki: relativismo e vulnerabilidade

              A Declaração de Helsinki representou um marco fundamental para a pesquisa clínica envolvendo seres humanos. Desde a promulgação da Declaração, uma série de revisões e modificações foram feitas ao texto original, mas nenhuma delas modificou seu espírito humanista ou diminuiu sua força como instância reguladora da pesquisa clínica. Nos últimos quatro anos, no entanto, vem sendo debatida uma proposta de modificação dos princípios éticos da Declaração. No caso desta proposta ser aprovada, a pesquisa clínica internacional com seres humanos será radicalmente modificada, aumentando a vulnerabilidade de certos grupos sociais. Neste artigo, apresentamos o processo histórico de promulgação da Declaração de Helsinki e os mais recentes debates em torno da proposta de modificação. Trata-se de uma análise das implicações do novo texto para os países subdesenvolvidos e da defesa da necessidade de uma consideração política do conceito de vulnerabilidade.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Arq Bras Cir Dig
                Arq Bras Cir Dig
                abcd
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva : ABCD = Brazilian Archives of Digestive Surgery
                Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgia Digestiva
                0102-6720
                2317-6326
                Oct-Dec 2015
                Oct-Dec 2015
                : 28
                : 4
                : 247-249
                Affiliations
                Experimental Surgery Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, State University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Renan Kleber Costa Teixeira E-mail: renankleberc@ 123456hotmail.com

                Conflicts of interest: none

                Article
                10.1590/S0102-6720201500040007
                4755175
                26734793
                aada2e85-dde5-4898-a116-ce18dab145c6

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

                History
                : 16 June 2015
                : 27 August 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 14, Pages: 3
                Categories
                Original Article

                bioethics,journal article,surgery
                bioethics, journal article, surgery

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