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      The role of immunotherapy in small cell lung cancer

      , , ,
      Clinical and Translational Oncology
      Springer Nature

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          The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy.

          Among the most promising approaches to activating therapeutic antitumour immunity is the blockade of immune checkpoints. Immune checkpoints refer to a plethora of inhibitory pathways hardwired into the immune system that are crucial for maintaining self-tolerance and modulating the duration and amplitude of physiological immune responses in peripheral tissues in order to minimize collateral tissue damage. It is now clear that tumours co-opt certain immune-checkpoint pathways as a major mechanism of immune resistance, particularly against T cells that are specific for tumour antigens. Because many of the immune checkpoints are initiated by ligand-receptor interactions, they can be readily blocked by antibodies or modulated by recombinant forms of ligands or receptors. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) antibodies were the first of this class of immunotherapeutics to achieve US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. Preliminary clinical findings with blockers of additional immune-checkpoint proteins, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), indicate broad and diverse opportunities to enhance antitumour immunity with the potential to produce durable clinical responses.
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            Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC): ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.

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              Unravelling the biology of SCLC: implications for therapy

              For three decades, the treatment of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) has remained essentially unchanged, and patient outcomes remain dismal. In the past 5 years, however, advances in our understanding of the disease, at the molecular level, have resulted in the development of new therapeutic strategies, encompassing immunotherapies and novel molecularly targeted agents. Herein, authors review the breakthroughs that hold the promise to improve SCLC outcomes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Clinical and Translational Oncology
                Clin Transl Oncol
                Springer Nature
                1699-048X
                1699-3055
                January 12 2019
                Article
                10.1007/s12094-018-02011-9
                30637710
                aada3e5a-9133-476c-9233-329b4df0af24
                © 2019

                http://www.springer.com/tdm

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