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      International Journal of Nanomedicine (submit here)

      This international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal by Dove Medical Press focuses on the application of nanotechnology in diagnostics, therapeutics, and drug delivery systems throughout the biomedical field. Sign up for email alerts here.

      105,621 Monthly downloads/views I 7.033 Impact Factor I 10.9 CiteScore I 1.22 Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) I 1.032 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      Magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes with controlled release of epirubicin: an intravesical instillation system for bladder cancer

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          Abstract

          Background

          Traditional intravesical instillation treatment in bladder cancer has limited efficacy, which results in a high frequency of recurrence.

          Purpose

          The aim of this study was to report on an epirubicin (EPI)-loaded magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotube (mMWCNTs-EPI) system for intravesical instillation in place of the current formulation.

          Methods

          The mMWCNTs-EPI system was formulated with carboxylated MWCNTs, Fe 3O 4 magnetic nanoparticles, and EPI. Features and antitumor activity of the system were investigated.

          Results

          Under the effect of external magnets, the mMWCNTs-EPI system showed sustained release and prolonged retention behavior and better antitumor activity than free EPI. The mMWCNTs-EPI system had higher efficiency in enhancing cytotoxicity and inhibiting proliferation in vitro and in vivo than free EPI. Our studies also revealed the atoxic nature of mMWCNTs.

          Conclusion

          These findings suggested that mMWCNTs are effective intravesical instillation agents with great potential for clinical application.

          Most cited references39

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          Cell Death

          Nika Danial, Stanley Korsmeyer (2004)
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            Cytotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials: single-wall nanotube, multi-wall nanotube, and fullerene.

            Guang Jia, Haifang Wang, Lei Yan … (2005)
            A cytotoxicity test protocol for single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs), multi-wall nanotubes (with diameters ranging from 10 to 20 nm, MWNT10), and fullerene (C60) was tested. Profound cytotoxicity of SWNTs was observed in alveolar macrophage (AM) after a 6-h exposure in vitro. The cytotoxicity increases by as high as approximately 35% when the dosage of SWNTs was increased by 11.30 microg/cm2. No significant toxicity was observed for C60 up to a dose of 226.00 microg/cm2. The cytotoxicity apparently follows a sequence order on a mass basis: SWNTs > MWNT10 > quartz > C60. SWNTs significantly impaired phagocytosis of AM at the low dose of 0.38 microg/cm2, whereas MWNT10 and C60 induced injury only at the high dose of 3.06 microg/cm2. The macrophages exposed to SWNTs or MWNT10 of 3.06 microg/cm2 showed characteristic features of necrosis and degeneration. A sign of apoptotic cell death likely existed. Carbon nanomaterials with different geometric structures exhibit quite different cytotoxicity and bioactivity in vitro, although they may not be accurately reflected in the comparative toxicity in vivo.
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              Targeted killing of cancer cells in vivo and in vitro with EGF-directed carbon nanotube-based drug delivery.

              Richard D. Leapman, Vyomesh Patel, Julie Gavard … (2009)
              Carbon nanotube-based drug delivery holds great promise for cancer therapy. Herein we report the first targeted, in vivo killing of cancer cells using a drug-single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) bioconjugate, and demonstrate efficacy superior to nontargeted bioconjugates. First line anticancer agent cisplatin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were attached to SWNTs to specifically target squamous cancer, and the nontargeted control was SWNT-cisplatin without EGF. Initial in vitro imaging studies with head and neck squamous carcinoma cells (HNSCC) overexpressing EGF receptors (EGFR) using Qdot luminescence and confocal microscopy showed that SWNT-Qdot-EGF bioconjugates internalized rapidly into the cancer cells. Limited uptake occurred for control cells without EGF, and uptake was blocked by siRNA knockdown of EGFR in cancer cells, revealing the importance of EGF-EGFR binding. Three color, two-photon intravital video imaging in vivo showed that SWNT-Qdot-EGF injected into live mice was selectively taken up by HNSCC tumors, but SWNT-Qdot controls with no EGF were cleared from the tumor region in <20 min. HNSCC cells treated with SWNT-cisplatin-EGF were also killed selectively, while control systems that did not feature EGF-EGFR binding did not influence cell proliferation. Most significantly, regression of tumor growth was rapid in mice treated with targeted SWNT-cisplatin-EGF relative to nontargeted SWNT-cisplatin.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Nanomedicine
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Nanomedicine
                Journal ID (publisher-id): International Journal of Nanomedicine
                Title: International Journal of Nanomedicine
                Publisher: Dove Medical Press
                ISSN (Print): 1176-9114
                ISSN (Electronic): 1178-2013
                Publication date Collection: 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 15 February 2019
                Volume: 14
                Pages: 1241-1254
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China, jxb@ 123456sdu.edu.cn ; jiangshaobo@ 123456sdu.edu.cn
                [2 ]Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
                [3 ]School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
                [4 ]Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Maternity and Childcare Hospital, Jinan 250014, China
                [5 ]School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Xunbo Jin; Shaobo Jiang, Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China, Tel +86 151 6888 6899; +86 135 7377 8407, Fax +86 531 6877 7697, Email jxb@ 123456sdu.edu.cn ; jiangshaobo@ 123456sdu.edu.cn
                [*]

                These authors contributed equally to this work

                Article
                Publisher ID: ijn-14-1241
                DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S189688
                PMC ID: 6391142
                PubMed ID: 30863057
                SO-VID: aaf2f82b-f95d-444a-a812-eada81004216
                Copyright © © 2019 Suo et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited
                License:

                The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Original Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular medicine
                Keywords: carbon nanotubes,intravesical instillation,epirubicin,intravesical drug delivery
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular medicine
                Keywords: carbon nanotubes, intravesical instillation, epirubicin, intravesical drug delivery

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