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      Intervenciones dirigidas a disminuir/evitar el sedentarismo en los escolares Translated title: Interventions Aimed to Lower/Avoid Sedentarism in Scholars

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          Abstract

          Introducción. La obesidad tiene un origen multifactorial, uno de estos factores es la inactividad física o sedentarismo, que en conjunto con otros y a largo plazo predisponen al deterioro de la salud en general, con lo que la población infantil ya está lidiando. Los hábitos activos o sedentarios adquiridos en la infancia y la adolescencia tienden a persistir en la edad adulta. Objetivo. Identificar publicaciones, en bases de datos especializadas, sobre programas de intervención que han tenido buenos resultados para disminuir o limitar el sedentarismo en escolares. Metodología. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Medline y Redalyc de artículos publicados durante los últimos 5 años, relacionados con intervenciones enfocadas a fomentar el ejercicio físico en escolares de 6 a 12 años. Los descriptores utilizados fueron: Sedentary, childrens and sedentary, physical inactivity. De 326 artículos que arrojaron las bases de datos, se eligieron 35 por su estrecha relación con este tema. Resultados. Hay diversas razones por las que los escolares no realizan Ejercicio Físico, entre ellas está la forma de vida que los padres de familia ofrecen a sus hijos. El buen hábito de la vida activa es influenciado por el espacio y ambiente en que los niños se desarrollan. Conclusiones. Se debe prestar mayor atención a los escolares, en todas sus actividades; alimentación, tiempo que pasan fuera de casa o solos, es necesario re ubicar o reafirmar los hábitos de vida que están adquiriendo los escolares durante su desarrollo ya que los seguirán por el resto de su vida.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: Physical inactivity is one of obesity's factors, and this problem, which in the long term impairs health in general, is already found in infantile populations whose sedentary habits tend to persist through out adulthood. Objective: to address publications on successful intervention programs in lowering or limiting sedentarism in scholars. Methodology; a Medline and Redalyc database search was performed on the last five years using the key words sedentary, children, and physical inactivity. From 326 articles located, 35 were finally kept. Results: there were several reasons to explain children's inactivity including the life-style which their parents teach them, and the space or ambience in which they grow. Conclusions: More attention should be given to scholars in their activities, nutrition, and time spent at home. It is necessary to generate good life habits which children will follow for the rest of their lives.

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          Canadian sedentary behaviour guidelines for children and youth.

          The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology (CSEP), in partnership with the Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group (HALO) at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, and in collaboration with ParticipACTION, and others, has developed the Canadian Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines for Children (aged 5-11 years) and Youth (aged 12-17 years). The guidelines include a preamble to provide context, followed by the specific recommendations for sedentary behaviour. The entire development process was guided by the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument, which is the international standard for clinical practice guideline development. Thus, the guidelines have gone through a rigorous and transparent developmental process and the recommendations are based on evidence from a systematic review and interpretation of the research evidence. The final guidelines benefitted from an extensive online consultation process with 230 domestic and international stakeholders and key informants. The final guideline recommendations state that for health benefits, children (aged 5-11 years) and youth (aged 12-17 years) should minimize the time that they spend being sedentary each day. This may be achieved by (i) limiting recreational screen time to no more than 2 h per day - lower levels are associated with additional health benefits; and (ii) limiting sedentary (motorized) transport, extended sitting time, and time spent indoors throughout the day. These are the first evidence-based Canadian Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines for Children and Youth and provide important and timely recommendations for the advancement of public health based on a systematic synthesis, interpretation, and application of the current scientific evidence.
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            Healthy eating, activity and obesity prevention: a qualitative study of parent and child perceptions in Australia.

            Preventative health strategies incorporating the views of target participants have improved the likelihood of success. This qualitative study aimed to elicit child and parent views regarding social and environmental barriers to healthy eating, physical activity and child obesity prevention programmes, acceptable foci, and appropriate modes of delivery. To obtain views across a range of social circumstances three demographically diverse primary schools in Victoria, Australia were selected. Children in Grades 2 (aged 7-8 years) and 5 (aged 10-11 years) participated in focus groups of three to six children. Groups were semi-structured using photo-based activities to initiate discussion. Focus groups with established parent groups were also conducted. Comments were recorded, collated, and themes extracted using grounded theory. 119 children and 17 parents participated. Nine themes emerged: information and awareness, contradiction between knowledge and behaviour, lifestyle balance, local environment, barriers to a healthy lifestyle, contradictory messages, myths, roles of the school and family, and timing and content of prevention strategies for childhood obesity. In conclusion, awareness of food 'healthiness' was high however perceptions of the 'healthiness' of some sedentary activities that are otherwise of benefit (e.g. reading) were uncertain. The contradictions in messages children receive were reported to be a barrier to a healthy lifestyle. Parent recommendations regarding the timing and content of childhood obesity prevention strategies were consistent with quantitative research. Contradictions in the explicit and implicit messages children receive around diet and physical activity need to be prevented. Consistent promotion of healthy food and activity choices across settings is core to population prevention programmes for childhood obesity.
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              Volume, patterns, and types of sedentary behavior and cardio-metabolic health in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study

              Background Cardio-metabolic risk factors are becoming more prevalent in children and adolescents. A lack of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) is an established determinant of cardio-metabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. Less is known about the relationship between sedentary behavior and cardio-metabolic health. Therefore, the objective was to examine the independent associations between volume, patterns, and types of sedentary behavior with cardio-metabolic risk factors among children and adolescents. Methods The results are based on 2527 children and adolescents (6-19 years old) from the 2003/04 and 2005/06 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). A cardio-metabolic risk score (CRS) was calculated based on age- and sex-adjusted waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and C-reactive protein values. Volume and patterns of sedentary behavior and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were measured objectively using accelerometers. Types of sedentary behavior were measured by questionnaire. A series of logistic regression models were used to examine associations. Results Volume and patterns of sedentary behavior were not predictors of high CRS after adjusting for MVPA and other confounders (P > 0.1). For types of sedentary behavior, high TV use, but not high computer use, was a predictor of high CRS after adjustment for MVPA and other confounders. Children and adolescents who watched ≥4 hours per day of TV were 2.53 (95% confidence interval: 1.45-4.42) times more likely to have high CRS than those who watched <1 hour per day. MVPA predicted high CRS after adjusting for all sedentary behavior measures and other confounders. After adjustment for waist circumference, MVPA also predicted high non-obesity CRS; however, the same relationship was not seen with TV use. Conclusion No association was observed between overall volume and patterns of sedentary behavior with cardio-metabolic risk factors in this large sample of children and adolescents. Conversely, high TV use and low MVPA were independently associated with cardio-metabolic risk factors. However, the association between high TV use and clustered cardio-metabolic risk factors appears to be mediated or confounded by obesity. Thus, TV and MVPA appear to be two separate behaviors that need to be targeted with different interventions and policies.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                eu
                Enfermería universitaria
                Enferm. univ
                Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Escuela Nacional de Enfermería y Obstetricia (México )
                2395-8421
                December 2012
                : 9
                : 4
                : 45-56
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico
                Article
                S1665-70632012000400005
                ab0b08af-3544-4947-a697-a0d2f06ab88f

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                Nursing

                Nursing
                physical inactivity,sedentary life-style,health promotion,Inactividad Física,Estilo de vida sedentario,Estudios de intervención,Promoción de la salud,Sobrepeso,Obesidad en escolares

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