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      Comportamento ingestivo em bezerros holandeses alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes níveis de concentrado Translated title: Ingestive behavior in Holstein calves fed diets with different concentrate levels

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          Abstract

          RESUMO - Os efeitos de diferentes níveis de concentrado sobre o comportamento ingestivo foram estudados com cinco bezerros holandeses, inteiros, com idade e peso corporal médios iniciais de 10,8±0,8 meses e 233,4±26,1 kg PV. Os animais foram alojados em baias individuais e alimentados à vontade com dietas contendo 30, 45, 60, 75 e 90% de concentrado, com base na MS. As rações contendo, aproximadamente, 16% PB foram formuladas para taxa de ganho de peso de 1,0 kg/dia e compostas por farelo de soja, fubá de milho e feno de capim coast-cross. O delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos, com duração de 20 dias, 12 dias de adaptação e quatro períodos de dois dias, relativos à coleta de dados foi usado. O tempo despendido em alimentação e ruminação diminuiu, e o tempo de ócio aumentou linearmente, em função do aumento dos níveis de concentrado. A eficiência de alimentação em g MS/h registrou comportamento quadrático, estimando-se o valor máximo em 826,81 g FDN/h, para o nível de 60,77% de concentrado. A elevação no nível de concentrado nas dietas aumentou linearmente a eficiência de ruminação em g MS/h, mas em g FDN/h decresceu linearmente. O número de bolos ruminais e de mastigações merícicas por dia decresceu linearmente. O número e o tempo de mastigação merícica por bolo registraram comportamento quadrático, estimando-se valores máximos de 73,79 mastigações e 66,61 segundos, por bolo ruminal, para os níveis de 48,51 e 54,44% de concentrado, respectivamente.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT - The effects of different concentrate levels on the ingestive behavior were studied with five rumen and abomasum fistulated Holstein bull calves, with average initial age of 10.8±0.8 months and average 233.4±26.1 kg BW. The animals were housed in individual stalls and ad libitum fed diets containing 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90% of concentrate, on DM basis. The diets contained, approximately, 16% CP were formulated for body weight gain of 1.0 kg/day and constituted of soybean meal corn ground grain in the concentrate and coast-cross grass hay as forage. A randomized complete blocks design, with five treatments, throughout 20 days, 12 days of adaptation and four periods of two days, relative to the data collection, was used. The eating and ruminating time decreased, while the idle time linearly increased, as the concentrate levels in the diets increased. The feeding efficiency in g DM/h showed quadratic behavior, and the maximum estimated value was 826.81 g NDF/h, for the level of 60.77% of concentrate. The rumination efficiency, g DM/h, and g NDF/h increased and decreased linearly, respectively, as the concentrate levels in the diets increased. The number of ruminate boli and the ruminating chews per day linearly decreased. The number and the ruminating chews per bolus showed a quadratic behavior, and maximum values of 73.79 ruminating chews and 66.61 seconds, per ruminate boli, were estimated for the levels of 48.51 and 54.44% of concentrate, respectively.

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          Most cited references23

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          Nutritional ecology of the ruminant

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            Relationship between fermentation acid production in the rumen and the requirement for physically effective fiber.

            The content of ruminally fermented OM in the diet affects the fiber requirement of dairy cattle. Physically effective fiber is the fraction of feed that stimulates chewing activity. Chewing, in turn, stimulates saliva secretion. Bicarbonate and phosphate buffers in saliva neutralize acids produced by fermentation of OM in the rumen. The balance between the production of fermentation acid and buffer secretion is a major determinant of ruminal pH. Low ruminal pH may decrease DMI, fiber digestibility, and microbial yield and thus decrease milk production and increase feed costs. Diets should be formulated to maintain adequate mean ruminal pH, and variation in ruminal pH should be minimized by feeding management. The fraction of OM that is fermented in the rumen varies greatly among diets. This variation affects the amount of fermentation acids produced and directly affects the amount of physically effective fiber that is required to maintain adequate ruminal pH. Acid production in the rumen is due primarily to fermentation of carbohydrates, which represent over 65% of the DM in diets of dairy cows and have the most variable ruminal degradation across diets. The non-fiber carbohydrate content of the diet is often used as a proxy for ruminal fermentability, but this measure is inadequate. Ruminal fermentation of both nonfiber carbohydrate and fiber is extremely variable, and this variability is not related to the nonfiber carbohydrate content of the diet. The interaction of ruminally fermented carbohydrate and physically effective fiber must be considered when diets for dairy cattle are evaluated and formulated.
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              Effects of Dietary Neutral Detergent Fiber Concentration and Alfalfa Hay Quality on Chewing, Rumen Function, and Milk Production of Dairy Cows

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbz
                Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia
                R. Bras. Zootec.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia (Viçosa )
                1806-9290
                February 2000
                : 29
                : 1
                : 236-242
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de Viçosa Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal de Viçosa Brazil
                Article
                S1516-35982000000100031
                10.1590/S1516-35982000000100031
                ab30a2fb-84e1-4e50-9ec2-fbf179cd0de9

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1516-3598&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
                VETERINARY SCIENCES

                Animal agriculture,General veterinary medicine
                Holstein calves,ingestive behavior,concentrate,rumination chews rumination,bezerros holandeses,comportamento ingestivo,concentrado,mastigação merícica,ruminação

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