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      Variation in transcription factor binding among humans.

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          Abstract

          Differences in gene expression may play a major role in speciation and phenotypic diversity. We examined genome-wide differences in transcription factor (TF) binding in several humans and a single chimpanzee by using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing. The binding sites of RNA polymerase II (PolII) and a key regulator of immune responses, nuclear factor kappaB (p65), were mapped in 10 lymphoblastoid cell lines, and 25 and 7.5% of the respective binding regions were found to differ between individuals. Binding differences were frequently associated with single-nucleotide polymorphisms and genomic structural variants, and these differences were often correlated with differences in gene expression, suggesting functional consequences of binding variation. Furthermore, comparing PolII binding between humans and chimpanzee suggests extensive divergence in TF binding. Our results indicate that many differences in individuals and species occur at the level of TF binding, and they provide insight into the genetic events responsible for these differences.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Science
          Science (New York, N.Y.)
          American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
          1095-9203
          0036-8075
          Apr 09 2010
          : 328
          : 5975
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
          Article
          science.1183621 NIHMS229930
          10.1126/science.1183621
          2938768
          20299548
          ab794255-6503-40c9-b9d6-5e938f94e857
          History

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