For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
1
views
44
references
 Top references
cited by
25
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      1,485
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: not found
      • Article: not found

      Transdermal iontophoretic drug delivery: advances and challenges

      Author(s):
      Publication date Created:
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Journal of Drug Targeting
      Publisher: Informa UK Limited

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPubMed
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          The stratum corneum continues to pose considerable impediment to transdermal drug delivery. One of the effective ways of circumventing this challenge is through the use of iontophoresis. Iontophoresis uses low-level current to drive charged compounds across the skin. This review discusses progress made in the field of iontophoretic transport of small and large molecules. The major obstacles are also touched upon and advances made in the last few decades described. A number of iontophoretic systems approved for clinical use by regulatory authorities is also discussed.

          Related collections

          Most cited references44

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Skin penetration enhancers.

          Maureen Lane (2013)
          The skin has evolved to prevent excessive water loss from the internal organs and to limit the ability of xenobiotics and hazardous substances to enter the body. Notwithstanding this barrier function, a number of strategies have been developed by scientists to deliver drugs to and through the skin. The aim of this review is to consider the various types of chemical penetration enhancers (CPEs) which have been investigated in the scientific literature. Potential pathways for CPEs to exert their action are examined with reference to the physical chemistry of passive skin transport. The emphasis is on those studies which have focussed on human and porcine skin because of the limitations associated with skin permeation data collated from other species. Where known, the mechanisms of action of these compounds are also discussed. Examples of enhancers used in commercial topical and transdermal formulations are provided. It is proposed that overall the effects of CPEs on the skin barrier may best be explained by a Diffusion-Partition-Solubility theory. Finally, some of the limitations of studies in the literature are considered and the importance of monitoring the fate of the penetration enhancer as well as the active is highlighted. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
          Article 0 comments Cited 118 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Iontophoretic drug delivery.

            Yogeshvar N. Kalia, Fiona Guy, J Craig Garrison … (2004)
            The composition and architecture of the stratum corneum render it a formidable barrier to the topical and transdermal administration of therapeutic agents. The physicochemical constraints severely limit the number of molecules that can be considered as realistic candidates for transdermal delivery. Iontophoresis provides a mechanism to enhance the penetration of hydrophilic and charged molecules across the skin. The principal distinguishing feature is the control afforded by iontophoresis and the ability to individualize therapies. This may become significant as the impact of interindividual variations in protein expression and the effect on drug metabolism and drug efficacy is better understood. In this review we describe the underlying mechanisms that drive iontophoresis and we discuss the impact of key experimental parameters-namely, drug concentration, applied current and pH-on iontophoretic delivery efficiency. We present a comprehensive and critical review of the different therapeutic classes and molecules that have been investigated as potential candidates for iontophoretic delivery. The iontophoretic delivery of peptides and proteins is also discussed. In the final section, we describe the development of the first pre-filled, pre-programmed iontophoretic device, which is scheduled to be commercialized during the course of 2004.
            Article 0 comments Cited 111 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Ultrasound-mediated transdermal drug delivery: mechanisms, scope, and emerging trends.

              Baris Polat, Douglas Hart, Robert C Langer … (2011)
              The use of ultrasound for the delivery of drugs to, or through, the skin is commonly known as sonophoresis or phonophoresis. The use of therapeutic and high frequencies of ultrasound (≥0.7MHz) for sonophoresis (HFS) dates back to as early as the 1950s, while low-frequency sonophoresis (LFS, 20-100kHz) has only been investigated significantly during the past two decades. Although HFS and LFS are similar because they both utilize ultrasound to increase the skin penetration of permeants, the mechanisms associated with each physical enhancer are different. Specifically, the location of cavitation and the extent to which each process can increase skin permeability are quite dissimilar. Although the applications of both technologies are different, they each have strengths that could allow them to improve current methods of local, regional, and systemic drug delivery. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms associated with both HFS and LFS, specifically concentrating on the key mechanistic differences between these two skin treatment methods. Background on the relevant physics associated with ultrasound transmitted through aqueous media will also be discussed, along with implications of these phenomena on sonophoresis. Finally, a thorough review of the literature is included, dating back to the first published reports of sonophoresis, including a discussion of emerging trends in the field. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
              Article 0 comments Cited 76 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Journal of Drug Targeting
                Abbreviated Title: Journal of Drug Targeting
                Publisher: Informa UK Limited
                ISSN (Print): 1061-186X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1029-2330
                Publication date Created: September 30 2015
                Publication date Created: May 27 2016
                Publication date (Electronic): September 25 2015
                Publication date (Print): May 27 2016
                Volume: 24
                Issue: 5
                Pages: 386-391
                Article
                DOI: 10.3109/1061186X.2015.1090442
                PubMed ID: 26406291
                SO-VID: ab99cc60-a044-4b62-8ab0-3e2c3e395a17
                Copyright © © 2016
                History

                Data availability:

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content1,485

                See all similar

                Cited by25

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors480

                See all reference authors