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      New Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents in Costa Rica Translated title: Nuevo Índice de Calidad de la Dieta de niños y adolescentes en Costa Rica

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          Abstract

          Abstract Introduction: there is an increasing interest in the study of total diet quality indicators through the study of food groups in certain dietary patterns. Objective: to analyze the diet of students in Costa Rica with construction of a contextualized new diet quality index. Material and methods: a cross-sectional study was performed in a population of 2,677 students from 64 educational centers. Data on habits and food intake frequency were collected through interviews and questionnaires. A new Diet Quality Index was constructed and applied, which assessed the adjustment of intake frequency for 22 food groups, corrected with five preventive dietary factors and five risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases. Descriptive statistics were evaluated using the program SPSS, version 24.0. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: the population was made up of 1,259 (43 %) men and 1,418 women (57 %). According to the new Diet Quality Index-Costa Rica classification, 1.2 % (n = 33) of participants have a healthy diet; 9.0 % (n = 239) require dietary changes, and 89.8 % (n = 2 395) have an unhealthy diet because of excessive intake of processed foods (rich in sodium and fat) and a low consumption of fruits and vegetables. Significant differences were found in the averages of the Diet Quality Index-Costa Rica by sex, educational level, and socioeconomic status. Conclusions: around 90 % of the studied population do not comply with the recommendations issued for a healthy diet. Nutritional education should be strengthened in Costa Rican education centers.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Introducción: existe un interés creciente en el estudio de los indicadores de la calidad de la dieta total a través del estudio de grupos de alimentos. Objetivo: analizar la dieta de los estudiantes de Costa Rica con la construcción de un índice de calidad de la dieta contextualizado y nuevo. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal con una población de 2677 estudiantes de 64 centros educativos. Los datos sobre hábitos y frecuencia de la ingesta de alimentos se recopilaron a través de entrevistas y cuestionarios. Se construyó y aplicó un nuevo Índice de Calidad de la Dieta, que evaluó el ajuste de la frecuencia de la ingesta de 22 grupos de alimentos corregidos con cinco factores dietéticos preventivos y cinco factores de riesgo para enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Se realizaron estadísticas descriptivas con el programa SPSS, versión 24.0. Se consideró significativo todo valor de p < 0,05. Resultados: la población estaba compuesta por 1259 (43 %) hombres y 1418 mujeres (57 %). De acuerdo con la nueva clasificación del Índice de Calidad de la Dieta-Costa Rica, el 1,2 % (n = 33) de los participantes tienen una dieta saludable, el 9,0 % (n = 239) requieren cambios y el 89,8 % (n = 2 395) tienen una dieta poco saludable debido a la ingesta excesiva de alimentos procesados (ricos en sodio y grasas) y al bajo consumo de frutas y vegetales. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en los promedios del Índice de Calidad de la Dieta-Costa Rica por sexo, nivel educativo y clase socioeconómica. Conclusiones: alrededor del 90 % de la población estudiada no cumple con las recomendaciones para llevar una dieta saludable. La educación nutricional debe fortalecerse en los centros educativos costarricenses.

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          Diet Quality as Assessed by the Healthy Eating Index, Alternate Healthy Eating Index, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Score, and Health Outcomes: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

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            Food consumption of adults in Germany: results of the German National Nutrition Survey II based on diet history interviews

            The second German National Nutrition Survey (NVS II) aimed to evaluate food consumption and other aspects of nutritional behaviour of a representative sample of the German population, using a modular design with three different dietary assessment methods. To assess usual food consumption, 15 371 German speaking subjects 14–80 years of age completed a diet history interview between November 2005 and November 2006. With reference to the guidelines of the German Nutrition Society (DGE), NVS II observed that the German population did not eat enough foods of plant origin, especially vegetables and consumed too much of meat and meat products. While generally similar food consumption is observed in other European countries, consumption of bread, fruit juices/nectars and beer is higher in Germany. On average, men consumed two times more meat and soft drinks as well as six times more beer than women did, whereas the consumption of vegetables, fruit as well as herbal/fruit tea was higher in women. Older participants showed a lower consumption of meat, fruit juice/nectars, soft drinks and spirits as well as a higher consumption of fish, vegetables, fruit, and herbal/fruit tea than adolescents and younger adults did. There are also differences in food consumption with regard to socio-economic status (SES). Persons with higher SES consumed more vegetables, fruit, fish, water, coffee/tea and wine, while persons with lower SES consumed more meat and meat products, soft drinks and beer. In general, the food consumption of women, the elderly and the higher SES group tends to be closer to the official dietary guidelines in Germany.
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              Relation between diet cost and Healthy Eating Index 2010 scores among adults in the United States 2007-2010.

              Food prices may be one reason for the growing socioeconomic disparities in diet quality.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                February 2020
                : 37
                : 1
                : 65-72
                Affiliations
                [3] Sabanilla orgnameUniversidad Estatal a Distancia Costa Rica
                [1] Tres Ríos orgnameInstituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud Costa Rica
                [2] San Pedro Montes de Oca orgnameUniversidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica
                Article
                S0212-16112020000100010 S0212-1611(20)03700100010
                10.20960/nh.02695
                31825232
                ab9c70bb-53f8-46b5-aa77-c46d1ec32402

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 November 2019
                : 20 May 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Original Papers

                Estudiantes,Costa Rica,Diet,Non-communicable diseases,Habits,Students,Enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles,Hábitos,Dieta

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