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      • Record: found
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      My child cannot breathe while sleeping: a report of three cases and review

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Background

          Sudden breath-holding episodes during sleep in young children are potentially related to sudden infant death syndrome and other life-threatening events. Additionally, these episodes can negatively affect child’s growth and development.

          Case presentation

          Here, we present 3 cases of preschool children with similar paroxysmal nocturnal waking events associated with choking that had different etiologies (nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux disease, and parasomnia, respectively).

          Conclusions

          It is important to take into consideration the fact that breath spells during sleep can occur as a rare manifestation of parasomnia due to gastroesophageal reflux or as a symptom of nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. Full video electroencephalography, polysomnography, and simultaneous gastric pH monitoring should be used for the differential diagnosis of sleep-related disorders, such as breath spells, in children.

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          Most cited references18

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          The differential diagnosis of epilepsy: a critical review.

          S Benbadis (2009)
          The wrong diagnosis of epilepsy is common. At referral epilepsy centers, psychogenic non-epileptic attacks are by far the most common condition found to have been misdiagnosed as epilepsy, with an average delay of 7-10 years. There are many "red flags" that can raise the suspicion of psychogenic non-epileptic attacks. Syncope is the second most common condition misdiagnosed as epilepsy, and it is probably more common in outpatient populations. Other conditions more rarely misdiagnosed as epilepsy include hypoglycemia, panic attacks, paroxysmal movement disorders, paroxysmal sleep disorders, TIAs, migraines, and TGA. Conditions specific to children include nonepileptic staring spells, breath-holding spells, and shudder attacks. At all ages, the over-interpretation of EEGs plays an important part in the misdiagnosis of epilepsy.
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            Sleep disorders in preschoolers: prevalence and comorbidity with psychiatric symptoms.

            Silje Steinsbekk, Turid Berg-Nielsen, Lars Wichström (2024)
            This study provides data on the prevalence of diagnosable sleep disorders in preschoolers and examined the relationship between specific sleep disorders and a range of DSM-4-defined psychiatric symptoms.
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              Upper airway reflexes in response to gastric reflux.

              Jean-Paul Praud (2010)
              Gastric reflux, and especially laryngopharyngeal reflux, occur several times a day in every infant. Most often, this does not pose any problem. However, in certain conditions, the contact between the refluxate and the upper airway mucosa can trigger several reflexes leading to cardiorespiratory inhibition. This is especially true for the laryngeal chemoreflexes, which are triggered by laryngeal penetration of gastric refluxate. The laryngeal chemoreflexes are held responsible for a subset of apnoeas of prematurity, many apparent life-threatening events, and probably some cases of sudden infant death syndrome. Although a number of experiments in newborn animals, as well as a few clinical studies in human infants, have been performed in the last 40 years to evaluate laryngeal chemoreflexes, their true role in neonatal cardiorespiratory events is still highly debated. In addition, many uncertainties persist with regard to treatment and prevention of their potentially dramatic consequences. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Won Hee Seo: wonny508@korea.ac.kr
                Minkyu Park: axlrose1115@naver.com
                So-Hee Eun: mirshe@daum.net
                Seonkyeong Rhie: starclusters@gmail.com
                Dae Jin Song: djsong506@korea.ac.kr
                Kyu-Young Chae: +82-31-780-5230 , danielchae21@gmail.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Pediatr
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Pediatr
                Title: BMC Pediatrics
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2431
                Publication date (Electronic): 18 July 2017
                Publication date PMC-release: 18 July 2017
                Publication date Collection: 2017
                Volume: 17
                Electronic Location Identifier: 169
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0840 2678, GRID grid.222754.4, Department of Pediatrics, , Korea University College of Medicine, ; Seoul, Korea
                [2 ]Department of Pediatrics, Hanil Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
                [3 ]Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatapro, Seongnam, 13496 GyungGi Province Korea
                Article
                Publisher ID: 922
                DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0922-9
                PMC ID: 5516313
                SO-VID: abaf9825-10e1-4f3a-9776-c49bc8bbef21
                Copyright © © The Author(s). 2017
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                Date received : 1 September 2016
                Date accepted : 5 July 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2017

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pediatrics
                Keywords: breath-holding spell,gastroesophageal reflux,laryngospasm,nocturnal seizure,polysomnography,sleep
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pediatrics
                Keywords: breath-holding spell, gastroesophageal reflux, laryngospasm, nocturnal seizure, polysomnography, sleep

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