8
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Micronutrient content drives elementome variability amongst the Symbiodiniaceae

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          Elements are the basis of life on Earth, whereby organisms are essentially evolved chemical substances that dynamically interact with each other and their environment. Determining species elemental quotas (their elementome) is a key indicator for their success across environments with different resource availabilities. Elementomes remain undescribed for functionally diverse dinoflagellates within the family Symbiodiniaceae that includes coral endosymbionts. We used dry combustion and ICP-MS to assess whether Symbiodiniaceae (ten isolates spanning five genera Breviolum, Cladocopium, Durusdinium, Effrenium, Symbiodinium) maintained under long-term nutrient replete conditions have unique elementomes (six key macronutrients and nine micronutrients) that would reflect evolutionarily conserved preferential elemental acquisition. For three isolates we assessed how elevated temperature impacted their elementomes. Further, we tested whether Symbiodiniaceae conform to common stoichiometric hypotheses (e.g., the growth rate hypothesis) documented in other marine algae. This study considers whether Symbiodiniaceae isolates possess unique elementomes reflective of their natural ecologies, evolutionary histories, and resistance to environmental change.

          Results

          Symbiodiniaceae isolates maintained under long-term luxury uptake conditions, all exhibited highly divergent elementomes from one another, driven primarily by differential content of micronutrients. All N:P and C:P ratios were below the Redfield ratio values, whereas C:N was close to the Redfield value. Elevated temperature resulted in a more homogenised elementome across isolates. The Family-level elementome was (C 19.8N 2.6 P 1.0S 18.8K 0.7Ca 0.1) · 1000 (Fe 55.7Mn 5.6Sr 2.3Zn 0.8Ni 0.5Se 0.3Cu 0.2Mo 0.1V 0.04) mmol Phosphorous -1 versus (C 25.4N 3.1P 1.0S 23.1K 0.9Ca 0.4) · 1000 (Fe 66.7Mn 6.3Sr 7.2Zn 0.8Ni 0.4Se 0.2Cu 0.2Mo 0.2V 0.05) mmol Phosphorous -1 at 27.4 ± 0.4 °C and 30.7 ± 0.01 °C, respectively. Symbiodiniaceae isolates tested here conformed to some, but not all, stoichiometric principles.

          Conclusions

          Elementomes for Symbiodiniaceae diverge from those reported for other marine algae, primarily via lower C:N:P and different micronutrient expressions. Long-term maintenance of Symbiodiniaceae isolates in culture under common nutrient replete conditions suggests isolates have evolutionary conserved preferential uptake for certain elements that allows these unique elementomes to be identified. Micronutrient content (normalised to phosphorous) commonly increased in the Symbiodiniaceae isolates in response to elevated temperature, potentially indicating a common elemental signature to warming.

          Supplementary Information

          The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-022-03512-0.

          Related collections

          Most cited references78

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          Processes and patterns of oceanic nutrient limitation

            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found
            Is Open Access

            Systematic Revision of Symbiodiniaceae Highlights the Antiquity and Diversity of Coral Endosymbionts

            The advent of molecular data has transformed the science of organizing and studying life on Earth. Genetics-based evidence provides fundamental insights into the diversity, ecology, and origins of many biological systems, including the mutualisms between metazoan hosts and their micro-algal partners. A well-known example is the dinoflagellate endosymbionts ("zooxanthellae") that power the growth of stony corals and coral reef ecosystems. Once assumed to encompass a single panmictic species, genetic evidence has revealed a divergent and rich diversity within the zooxanthella genus Symbiodinium. Despite decades of reporting on the significance of this diversity, the formal systematics of these eukaryotic microbes have not kept pace, and a major revision is long overdue. With the consideration of molecular, morphological, physiological, and ecological data, we propose that evolutionarily divergent Symbiodinium "clades" are equivalent to genera in the family Symbiodiniaceae, and we provide formal descriptions for seven of them. Additionally, we recalibrate the molecular clock for the group and amend the date for the earliest diversification of this family to the middle of the Mesozoic Era (∼160 mya). This timing corresponds with the adaptive radiation of analogs to modern shallow-water stony corals during the Jurassic Period and connects the rise of these symbiotic dinoflagellates with the emergence and evolutionary success of reef-building corals. This improved framework acknowledges the Symbiodiniaceae's long evolutionary history while filling a pronounced taxonomic gap. Its adoption will facilitate scientific dialog and future research on the physiology, ecology, and evolution of these important micro-algae.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              Growth rate-stoichiometry couplings in diverse biota

                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                emma.camp@uts.edu.au
                Journal
                BMC Plant Biol
                BMC Plant Biol
                BMC Plant Biology
                BioMed Central (London )
                1471-2229
                9 April 2022
                9 April 2022
                2022
                : 22
                : 184
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.117476.2, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7611, Climate Change Cluster (C3), , University of Technology Sydney, ; PO Box 123, Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007 Australia
                [2 ]GRID grid.267827.e, ISNI 0000 0001 2292 3111, School of Biological Sciences, , Victoria University, ; Wellington, 6012 New Zealand
                [3 ]GRID grid.117476.2, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7611, The Atomic Medicine Initiative, , University of Technology Sydney, ; 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007 Australia
                [4 ]GRID grid.5110.5, ISNI 0000000121539003, Institute of Chemistry, , University of Graz, ; Graz, 8010 Austria
                [5 ]GRID grid.20431.34, ISNI 0000 0004 0416 2242, Department of Biological Sciences, , University of Rhode Island, ; 120 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881 USA
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1962-1336
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7573-5920
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3880-9385
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9806-9633
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8622-8801
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3691-4640
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5326-2520
                Article
                3512
                10.1186/s12870-022-03512-0
                8994382
                35395710
                abba81bb-4ee1-4bd2-ac00-43ae9fcbcc79
                © The Author(s) 2022

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                : 21 October 2021
                : 6 March 2022
                Categories
                Research Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2022

                Plant science & Botany
                dinoflagellates,elemental phenotyping,elementome,macronutrients; micronutrients; redfield ratio,symbiodiniaceae

                Comments

                Comment on this article