A highly divergent HIV-2-related isolate

Abstract

It has been suggested that the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and the simian immunodeficiency virus from rhesus macaques (SIVmac) evolved from the sooty mangabey virus SIVsm (ref. 1). We now describe an HIV-2-related isolate, HIV-2-D205, from a healthy Ghanaian woman that is genetically equidistant to the prototypic HIV-2 strains and to SIVsm and SIVmac. Supported by the observation that HIV-2D205 differs in a step of envelope glycoprotein processing, our data indicate that it could represent an alternative HIV-2 subtype and that viruses of the HIV-2/SIVsm/SIVmac group could have already infected humans before HIV-2 and SIVsm/SIVmac diverged.