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      Inheritance of a Stable Mutation in a Family with Early-Onset Disease

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          Abstract

          Autosomal/dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) exhibits a high inter- and intrafamilial heterogeneity partly explained by the involvement of at least 3 different genes in the disorder transmission. PKD1, the major locus, is located on chromosome 16p. The occurrence of very early-onset cases of ADPKD (sometimes in utero) in a few PKD1 families or the increased severity of the disease in successive generations raise the question of anticipation. This is a subject of controversial discussion. This report deals with the molecular analysis in families with very early-onset ADPKD. The finding of the same stable mutation with such different phenotypes rules out a dynamic mutation. The molecular basis of severe childhood PKD in typical ADPKD families remains unclear; it may include segregation of modifying genes or unidentified factors and the two-hit mechanism.

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          The molecular basis of focal cyst formation in human autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease type I.

          T Watnick, Gregory Germino, L Onuchic … (1996)
          Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common disease and an important cause of renal failure. It is characterized by considerable intrafamilial phenotypic variation and focal cyst formation. To elucidate the molecular basis for these observations, we have developed a novel method for isolating renal cystic epithelia from single cysts and have used it to show that individual renal cysts in ADPKD are monoclonal. Loss of heterozygosity was discovered within a subset of cysts for two closely linked polymorphic markers located within the PKD1 gene. Genetic analysis revealed that it was the normal haplotype that was lost. This study provides a molecular explanation for the focal nature of cyst formation and a probable mechanism whereby mutations cause disease. The high rate at which "second hits" must occur to account for the large number of cysts observed suggests that unique structural features of the PKD1 gene may be responsible for its mutability.
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            Homo- and heterodimeric interactions between the gene products of PKD1 and PKD2.

            G Walz, L Tsiokas, Stanley E Kim … (1997)
            PKD1 and PKD2 are two recently identified genes that are responsible for the vast majority of autosomal polycystic kidney disease, a common inherited disease that causes progressive renal failure. PKD1 encodes polycystin, a large glycoprotein that contains several extracellular motifs indicative of a role in cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions, and the PKD2 encodes a protein with homology to a voltage-activated calcium channel and to PKD1. It is currently unknown how mutations of either protein functionally cause autosomal polycystic kidney disease. We show that PKD1 and PKD2 interact through their C-terminal cytoplasmic tails. This interaction resulted in an up-regulation of PKD1 but not PKD2. Furthermore, the cytoplasmic tail of PKD2 but not PKD1 formed homodimers through a coiled-coil domain distinct from the region required for interaction with PKD1. These interactions suggest that PKD1 and PKD2 may function through a common signaling pathway that is necessary for normal tubulogenesis and that PKD1 may require the presence of PKD2 for stable expression.
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              Comparison of phenotypes of polycystic kidney disease types 1 and 2

              Nick Hateboer, Marjan A v Dijk, Nadja Bogdanova-Markov … (1999)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): NEF
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nephron
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.1660-8151
                Title: Nephron
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Print): 1660-8151
                ISSN (Electronic): 2235-3186
                Publication date Subscription-year: 2001
                Publication date (Print): 2001
                Publication date (Electronic): 21 March 2001
                Volume: 87
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 340-345
                Affiliations
                Services de Néphrologie, aCHU Brest, bCH Saint-Brieuc, cService de Pédiatrie, CHU Brest, dLaboratoire de Génétique moléculaire, CHU Brest, France
                Article
                Publisher ID: 45940 Other ID: Nephron 2001;87:340–345
                DOI: 10.1159/000045940
                PubMed ID: 11287778
                SO-VID: abe3b94c-048d-48e7-8dd7-c4eb9e52b58d
                Copyright © © 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 3, References: 52, Pages: 6
                Categories
                Subject: Original Paper

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine,Nephrology
                Keywords: Anticipation – early onset of ADPKD,Phenotypic variability,Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology
                Keywords: Anticipation – early onset of ADPKD, Phenotypic variability, Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease

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