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      A evidência visual na ciência

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          Abstract

          Neste artigo, proponho uma formulação do conceito de evidência visual como um tipo particular de evidência no qual condições contrafáticas análogas àquelas encontradas na percepção estão presentes. Argumento que a evidência visual pode ser produzida também por instrumentos científicos, tais como diversos tipos de microscópios para os quais sabemos que as condições em apreço são, de fato, satisfeitas. Como resultado, tanto a percepção como as informações geradas por instrumentos que produzem evidência visual satisfazem as mesmas propriedades epistêmicas. Com base nesse fato, proponho, finalmente, uma forma de estender o observável para além da percepção a olho nu, mas que ainda preserva, no interior de uma concepção empirista, casos em que determinados objetos não podem ser observados.

          Translated abstract

          In this article, I characterize the concept of visual evidence as a particular kind of evidence in which counterfactual conditions analogous to those met by perception are present. I argue that visual evidence can also be produced by scientific instruments, such as various kinds of microscopes for which we know that the relevant conditions are, in fact, satisfied. Thus, both perception and the information generated by instruments that yield visual evidence share the same epistemic properties. Drawing on this fact, I finally offer a way of extending the observable beyond instances of unaided perception, but which still preserves, within an empiricist view, cases in which certain objects cannot be observed.

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          Most cited references25

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          The Scientific Image

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            A SMALL PARTICULATE COMPONENT OF THE CYTOPLASM

            A particulate component of small dimensions (100 to 150 A) and high density is described in the ground substance of the cytoplasm of mammalian and avian cells. In many cell types that seem to have in common a high degree of differentiation, the new component is preferentially associated with the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum; whereas in other cell types, characterized by rapid proliferation, it occurs more or less freely distributed in the ground substance of the cytoplasm. In the Discussion an attempt is made to integrate the observations presented in this paper with the already available cytological, histochemical, and cytochemical information.
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              Scientific Representation

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ss
                Scientiae Studia
                Sci. stud.
                Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Filosofia (São Paulo )
                2316-8994
                2011
                : 9
                : 2
                : 267-290
                Affiliations
                [1 ] University of Miami United States
                Article
                S1678-31662011000200003
                10.1590/S1678-31662011000200003
                abfce734-8ce0-4a33-b262-e91d603a1557

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1678-3166&lng=en
                Categories
                HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
                PHILOSOPHY

                General philosophy
                Visual evidence,Perception,Observation,Microscopy,Scientific representation,Scientific instrumentation,van Fraassen,Evidência visual,Percepção,Observação,Microscopia,Representação científica,Instrumentação científica

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