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      Prévalence et facteurs associés à l’anémie en grossesse à l’Hôpital Général de Douala Translated title: Prevalence and factors associated with anemia in pregnant women attending the General Hospital in Douala

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          L’anémie est un problème de santé publique, prédominant chez les enfants et les femmes en âge de procréer. L’objectif de l’étude était de déterminer la prévalence et les facteurs associés à l’anémie chez les femmes enceintes à l’Hôpital Général de Douala.

          Méthodes

          Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale qui s’est déroulée de juillet 2012 à juillet 2013. Toutes les femmes enceintes consentantes se présentant pour consultation prénatale et ayant réalisées une numération formule sanguine (NFS) étaient incluses. Les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, les antécédents obstétricaux et les résultats de la NFS étaient enregistrés sur une fiche technique pré-testée. L’anémie était définie selon les critères de l’OMS. Après quelques statistiques descriptives, nous avons effectué une analyse bivariée à l’aide du test de Chi 2 et la probabilité exacte de Fisher pour rechercher les facteurs associés à l’anémie. Une valeur de p< 0,05 était considérée significative.

          Résultats

          Au total 415 gestantes ont été recrutées. La prévalence de l’anémie était de 39,8%. L’âge moyen était de 29,89±4,835ans. Le taux moyen d’hémoglobine était de 10,93±1,23.L’anémie normochrome normocytaire (53,3%) était prédominante. L’anémie était sévère dans 2,4% des cas. L’anémie en grossesse était significativement associée aux antécédents de pathologies chroniques (P=0,02) et d’anémie gravidique antérieure (P=0,003). L’anémie était plus observée au 3 ème trimestre (P=0,04) et l’allaitement maternel était protecteur (P=0,02).

          Conclusion

          La prévalence de l’anémie chez la femme enceinte reste élevée. Un accent doit être mis sur une meilleureprise en charge des pathologies chroniques chez les gestantes et sur leur suivi en post natal afin de corriger l’anémie avant la grossesse ultérieure.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction

          Anemia is a public health problem, prevalent among children and women of childbearing age. Our study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with anemia in pregnant women at Douala General Hospital.

          Methods

          We conducted a cross sectional study from July 2012 to July 2013. All consenting pregnant women attending antenatal consultation and having undergone complete blood count (CBC) were included in the study. Sociodemographic characteristics, individual’s obstetrical history and the results of the CBC were recorded on a pre tested data collection sheet. Anemia was defined according to the WHO criteria. After some descriptive statistics, we performed a bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test and Fisher exact probability test in order to determine the factors associated with anemia. P value <0.05 was considered significant.

          Results

          A total of 415 pregnant women were enrolled in the study. Anemia prevalence was 39,8%. The average age was 29,89±4,835 years. The mean hemoglobin level was 10.93 ± 1.23. Normochromic normocytic anemia (53,3%) was prevalent. Anaemia was severe in 2,4% of cases. Anemia in pregnancy was significantly associated with a personal history of chronic diseases (P = 0.02) and of anemia in a previous pregnancy (P = 0.003). Anemia was more frequently observed during the 3rd trimester (P = 0.04) and breastfeeding played a protective role (P = 0.02).

          Conclusion

          The prevalence of anemia during pregnancy remains high. A better management of chronic diseases in pregnant women and of postpartum follow-up is necessary to treat anemia before a subsequent pregnancy.

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          Most cited references22

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          Maternal anemia and risk of adverse birth and health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis.

          Anemia is a leading cause of maternal deaths and adverse pregnancy outcomes in developing countries.
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            • Article: not found

            An update on anemia in less developed countries.

            The highest prevalence of anemia exists in the developing world where its causes are multi-factorial. Anemia is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in less developed countries (LDCs). Understanding causes of anemia and potential mechanisms are crucial to our ability to intervene to reduce this burden. In the past decade, our understanding of the etiology and mechanisms of anemia in LDCs has advanced significantly. This review will focus on recent advances in our understanding of the burden of anemia in specific sub-groups, the causes and mechanisms of anemia, and consequences of anemia for the human host.
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              Prevalence of Anemia and Its Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Health Institutions of Arba Minch Town, Gamo Gofa Zone, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

              Background. Anemia during pregnancy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality of pregnant women in developing countries and has both maternal and fetal consequences. Despite its known serious effect on health, there is very little research based evidence on this vital public health problem in Gamo Gofa zone in general and in Arba Minch town of Southern Ethiopia in particular. Therefore, this study aims to assess the prevalence and factors associated with anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care in health institutions of Arba Minch town, Gamo Gofa zone, Southern Ethiopia. Method. Institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from February 16 to April 8, 2015, among 332 pregnant women who attended antenatal care at government health institutions of Arba Minch town. Interviewer-administered questionnaire supplemented by laboratory tests was used to obtain the data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify predictors of anemia. Result. The prevalence of anemia among antenatal care attendant pregnant women of Arba Minch town was 32.8%. Low average monthly income of the family (AOR = 4.0; 95% CI: 5.62–11.01), having birth interval less than two years (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI: 6.01, 10.23), iron supplementation (AOR = 2.31; 95% CI: 7.21, 9.31), and family size >2 (AOR = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.17, 6.81) were found to be independent predictors of anemia in pregnancy. Conclusion. Anemia is found to be a moderate public health problem in the study area. Low average monthly income, birth interval less than two years, iron supplementation, and large family size were found to be risk factors for anemia in pregnancy. Awareness creation towards birth spacing, nutritional counselling on consumption of iron-rich foods, and iron supplementation are recommended to prevent anemia among pregnant women with special emphasis on those having low income and large family size.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pan Afr Med J
                Pan Afr Med J
                PAMJ
                The Pan African Medical Journal
                The African Field Epidemiology Network
                1937-8688
                04 November 2016
                2016
                : 25
                : 133
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Douala, Douala,Cameroun
                [2 ]Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Général de Douala, Douala,Cameroun
                [3 ]Service d’Hématologie, Hôpital Général de Douala, Douala,Cameroun
                [4 ]Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Buéa, Buéa, Cameroun
                [5 ]Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales, Université de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
                Author notes
                [& ]Corresponding author: Charlotte Tchente Nguefack, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Douala, Douala, Cameroun
                Article
                PAMJ-25-133
                10.11604/pamj.2016.25.133.10610
                5326041
                28292095
                ac1f2de7-dcbc-4c50-9870-25a75c062e24
                © Charlotte Nguefack Tchente et al.

                The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 27 August 2016
                : 04 October 2016
                Categories
                Research

                Medicine
                anémie,grossesse,prévalence,facteurs associés,anemia,pregnancy,prevalence,associated factors
                Medicine
                anémie, grossesse, prévalence, facteurs associés, anemia, pregnancy, prevalence, associated factors

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