Undiagnosed cardiovascular disease prior to cardiovascular death in individuals with severe mental illness

Abstract

Objective

To examine whether individuals with schizophrenia ( SCZ) or bipolar disorder ( BD) had equal likelihood of not being diagnosed with cardiovascular disease ( CVD) prior to cardiovascular death, compared to individuals without SCZ or BD.

Methods

Multivariate logistic regression analysis including nationwide data of 72 451 cardiovascular deaths in the years 2011–2016. Of these, 814 had a SCZ diagnosis and 673 a BD diagnosis in primary or specialist health care.

Results

Individuals with SCZ were 66% more likely ( OR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.39–1.98), women with BD were 38% more likely (adjusted OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.04–1.82), and men with BD were equally likely ( OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.63–1.24) not to be diagnosed with CVD prior to cardiovascular death, compared to individuals without SMI. Almost all (98%) individuals with SMI and undiagnosed CVD had visited primary or specialized somatic health care prior to death, compared to 88% among the other individuals who died of CVD.

Conclusion

Individuals with SCZ and women with BD are more likely to die due to undiagnosed CVD, despite increased risk of CVD and many contacts with primary and specialized somatic care. Strengthened efforts to prevent, recognize, and treat CVD in individuals with SMI from young age are needed.