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      Towards Fourth-Generation Science Museums: Changing Goals, Changing Roles

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          Abstract

          Once dominated by a focus on collecting and preserving, and later communicating science through hands-on experiences, science museums are slowly reshaping their identities and purposes to explicitly include and promote active citizenship, social responsibility, engagement with complex science and technology issues, and agency. Informed by progressive views of scientific literacy and dialogic and participatory models of communication, science museums are beginning to re-imagine their spaces and practices to embrace broader goals. This theoretical paper explores and discusses the changing roles and identities of these institutions through the emergence of what we identify as fourth-generation science museums and their six defining drivers (Pedretti & Navas Iannini, 2020). We argue science museums can become places that (1) embrace change and transformation; (2) promote productive struggle; (3) develop allyship; (4) foster empathy; (5) support epistemic democracy; and (6) act as a hybrid third space.

          Résumé

          Autrefois axés essentiellement sur la collecte et la préservation, puis sur la communication de la science par le biais d’expériences pratiques, les musées scientifiques remodèlent lentement leurs identités et leurs objectifs pour inclure et promouvoir explicitement la citoyenneté active, la responsabilité sociale, l’engagement dans des questions scientifiques et technologiques complexes et l’agentivité. Éclairés par une vision progressiste de la culture scientifique et des modèles dialogiques et participatifs de communication, les musées scientifiques commencent à réimaginer leurs espaces et leurs pratiques pour adopter des objectifs plus larges. Cet article théorique explore et discute les rôles et identités changeants de ces institutions à travers l’émergence de ce que nous identifions comme des musées des sciences de quatrième génération et leurs six moteurs déterminants (Pedretti & Navas Iannini, 2020). Nous soutenons que les musées scientifiques peuvent devenir des lieux qui : 1) accueillent le changement et la transformation ; 2) promeuvent l’effort productif ; 3) établissent d’alliances ; 4) favorisent l’empathie ; 5) soutiennent la démocratie épistémique ; et 6) agissent comme un troisième espace hybride.

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          Most cited references53

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          Examining Productive Failure, Productive Success, Unproductive Failure, and Unproductive Success in Learning

          Manu Kapur (2016)
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            Is Open Access

            “Not Designed for Us”: How Science Museums and Science Centers Socially Exclude Low-Income, Minority Ethnic Groups

            This paper explores how people from low-income, minority ethnic groups perceive and experience exclusion from informal science education (ISE) institutions, such as museums and science centers. Drawing on qualitative data from four focus groups, 32 interviews, four accompanied visits to ISE institutions, and field notes, this paper presents an analysis of exclusion from science learning opportunities during visits alongside participants’ attitudes, expectations, and conclusions about participation in ISE. Participants came from four community groups in central London: a Sierra Leonean group (n = 21), a Latin American group (n = 18), a Somali group (n = 6), and an Asian group (n = 13). Using a theoretical framework based on the work of Bourdieu, the analysis suggests ISE practices were grounded in expectations about visitors’ scientific knowledge, language skills, and finances in ways that were problematic for participants and excluded them from science learning opportunities. It is argued that ISE practices reinforced participants preexisting sense that museums and science centers were “not for us.” The paper concludes with a discussion of the findings in relation to previous research on participation in ISE and the potential for developing more inclusive informal science learning opportunities.
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              Science Centres and Science Learning

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                erminia.pedretti@utoronto.ca
                a.navas@uniandes.edu.co
                Journal
                Can. J. Sci. Math. Techn. Educ.
                Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education
                Springer International Publishing (Cham )
                1492-6156
                1942-4051
                23 January 2021
                : 1-15
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.17063.33, ISNI 0000 0001 2157 2938, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, , University of Toronto, ; 252 Bloor St W, Toronto, ON M5S 1V6 Canada
                [2 ]GRID grid.7247.6, ISNI 0000000419370714, Faculty of Education, , University of Los Andes, ; Calle 18 A#0-19 Este, Casita Rosada, Oficina Ña-206, Bogota, Colombia
                Article
                128
                10.1007/s42330-020-00128-0
                7826151
                ac56b6f2-5ed1-40f8-a295-ac0f5fe71ec2
                © Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OISE) 2021

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                : 15 December 2020
                Funding
                Funded by: Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
                Award ID: 30124
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004489, Mitacs;
                Award ID: IT04243
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Article

                science museums,exhibitions,scientific literacy,science communication,citizenship,social responsibility

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