The association between recent hospitalized COPD exacerbations and adverse outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention: a nationwide cohort study

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Abstract

Purpose

COPD is associated with coronary artery disease, and exacerbations are major events in COPD. However, the impact of recent hospitalized exacerbations on outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains underdetermined.

Patients and methods

Using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, we identified 215,275 adult patients who underwent first-time PCI between 2000 and 2012. Among these patients, 15,485 patients had COPD. The risks of hospital mortality, overall mortality, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes after PCI (ie, ischemic events, repeat revascularization, cerebrovascular events, and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events [MACCEs]) in relation to COPD, and the frequency and timing of recent hospitalized exacerbations within 1 year before PCI were estimated.

Results

COPD was independently associated with increased risks of hospital mortality, overall mortality, ischemic events, cerebrovascular events, and MACCE during follow-up after PCI. Among cerebrovascular events, ischemic rather than hemorrhagic stroke was more likely to occur. In COPD patients, recent hospitalized exacerbations further increased the risks of overall mortality, ischemic events, and MACCE following PCI. Notably, patients with more frequent or more recent hospitalized exacerbations had a trend toward higher risks of these adverse events (all P-values for trend <0.0001), especially those with ≥2 exacerbations within 1 year or any exacerbation within 1 month before PCI.

Conclusion

Integrated care is urgently needed to alleviate COPD-related morbidity and mortality after PCI, especially for patients with a recent hospitalized exacerbation.

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Most cited references 25

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Mortality in COPD: Role of comorbidities.

J Soriano, Don Sin, N R Anthonisen … (2006)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents an increasing burden throughout the world. COPD-related mortality is probably underestimated because of the difficulties associated with identifying the precise cause of death. Respiratory failure is considered the major cause of death in advanced COPD. Comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease and lung cancer are also major causes and, in mild-to-moderate COPD, are the leading causes of mortality. The links between COPD and these conditions are not fully understood. However, a link through the inflammation pathway has been suggested, as persistent low-grade pulmonary and systemic inflammation, both known risk factors for cardiovascular disease and cancer, are present in COPD independent of cigarette smoking. Lung-specific measurements, such as forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)), predict mortality in COPD and in the general population. However, composite tools, such as health-status measurements (e.g. St George's Respiratory Questionnaire) and the BODE index, which incorporates Body mass index, lung function (airflow Obstruction), Dyspnoea and Exercise capacity, predict mortality better than FEV(1) alone. These multidimensional tools may be more valuable because, unlike predictive approaches based on single parameters, they can reflect the range of comorbidities and the complexity of underlying mechanisms associated with COPD. The current paper reviews the role of comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality, the putative underlying pathogenic link between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and comorbid conditions (i.e. inflammation), and the tools used to predict chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality.

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Validation of Acute Myocardial Infarction Cases in the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan

Ching-Lan Cheng, Cheng-Han Lee, Po-Sheng Chen … (2014)

Background The aim of this study was to determine the validity of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis coding in the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) by cross-comparisons of discharge diagnoses listed in the NHIRD with those in the medical records obtained from a medical center in Taiwan. Methods This was a cross-sectional study comparing records in the NHIRD and discharge notes in one medical center (DNMC) in the year 2008. Positive predictive values (PPVs) for AMI diagnoses were evaluated by reviewing the relevant clinical and laboratory data recorded in the discharge notes of the medical center. Agreement in comorbidities, cardiac procedures, and antiplatelet agent (aspirin or clopidogrel) prescriptions between the two databases was evaluated. Results We matched 341 cases of AMI hospitalizations from the two databases, and 338 cases underwent complete chart review. Of these 338 AMI cases, 297 were confirmed with clinical and lab data, which yielded a PPV of 0.88. The consistency rate for coronary intervention, stenting, and antiplatelet prescription at admission was high, yielding a PPV over 0.90. The percentage of consistency in comorbidity diagnoses was 95.9% (324/338) among matched AMI cases. Conclusions The NHIRD appears to be a valid resource for population research in cardiovascular diseases.

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The problem with composite end points in cardiovascular studies: the story of major adverse cardiac events and percutaneous coronary intervention.

Kim Hollabaugh, Oscar C Marroquin, Richard O. Williams … (2008)

Our purpose was to evaluate the heterogeneity and validity of composite end points, major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in particular, in cardiology research. The term MACE is a commonly used end point for cardiovascular research. By definition, MACE is a composite of clinical events and usually includes end points reflecting safety and effectiveness. There is no standard definition for MACE, as individual outcomes used to make this composite end point vary by study. This inconsistency calls into question whether use of MACE in cardiology research is of value. We conducted a 2-phase literature review on the use of MACE as a composite end point: 1) studies that have compared use of bare-metal versus drug-eluting stents; and 2) studies published in the Journal in calendar year 2006. We subsequently tested 3 different definitions of MACE during 1-year of follow-up among 6,922 patients in the DEScover registry who received at least 1 drug-eluting stent. The review identified substantial heterogeneity in the study-specific individual outcomes used to define MACE. Markedly different results were observed for selected patient subsets of acute myocardial infarction (MI) (vs. no MI) and multilesion stenting (vs. single-lesion stenting) according to the various definitions of MACE. Varying definitions of composite end points, such as MACE, can lead to substantially different results and conclusions. Therefore, the term MACE, in particular, should not be used, and when composite study end points are desired, researchers should focus separately on safety and effectiveness outcomes, and construct separate composite end points to match these different clinical goals.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis

Journal ID (publisher-id): International Journal of COPD

Title: International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Publisher: Dove Medical Press

ISSN (Print): 1176-9106

ISSN (Electronic): 1178-2005

Publication date Collection: 2019

Publication date (Electronic): 03 January 2019

Volume: 14

Pages: 169-179

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

[2 ]Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, cyli99@ 123456mail.ncku.edu.tw

[3 ]Graduate Institute of Food Safety, College of Agriculture and Nature Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan

[4 ]Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, d303878@ 123456mail.hosp.ncku.edu.tw

[5 ]Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, cyli99@ 123456mail.ncku.edu.tw

Author notes

Correspondence: Chung-Yi Li, Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, Tel +886 6 235 3535 ext 5862, Fax +886 6 235 9033, Email cyli99@ 123456mail.ncku.edu.tw

Chao-Han Lai, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No 138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan, Tel +886 6 235 3535 ext 3264, Fax +886 6 276 6676, Email d303878@ 123456mail.hosp.ncku.edu.tw

[*]

These authors contributed equally to this work

Article

Publisher ID: copd-14-169

DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S187345

PMC ID: 6322514

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The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

The association between recent hospitalized COPD exacerbations and adverse outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention: a nationwide cohort study

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Abstract

Purpose

Patients and methods

Results

Conclusion

Related collections

International Journal of COPD

Most cited references 25

Mortality in COPD: Role of comorbidities.

Validation of Acute Myocardial Infarction Cases in the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan

The problem with composite end points in cardiovascular studies: the story of major adverse cardiac events and percutaneous coronary intervention.

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