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      Diagnóstico y tratamiento clínico del síndrome antifosfolipídico seronegativo Translated title: Diagnostic and clinical treatment of seronegative antiphospholipid syndrome Translated title: Diagnóstico e tratamento clínico da síndrome antifosfolípide soronegativa

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN El Síndrome antifosfolipídico (SAF) se describió por primera vez en el año de 1982 por el científico Graham R. V Hughes. En el año 2003 Hughes y Khamasht lograron identificar una variable poco común de SAF denominada seronegativa, la cual se manifiesta con el cuadro trombolítico característico de esta enfermedad sin embargo existe ausencia de positividad en las pruebas serológicas, debido a que es una patología de difícil identificación y diagnóstico requiere de especial atención puesto que puede conllevar a múltiples complicaciones al no ser tratada de manera oportuna. Objetivo. Describir el diagnóstico y tratamiento del Síndrome Antifosfolipídico Seronegativo. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión sistemática donde se incluyeron estudios originales, metaanálisis y experimentales con fecha de publicación de los últimos 5 años en idioma inglés y español. Se utilizaron bases de datos virtuales como Pubmed, Scielo y Google Scholar. Conclusión. El Síndrome antifosfolipídico seronegativo una patología de difícil reconocimiento debido a la negatividad que refleja en las pruebas serológicas, para el diagnóstico inicialmente se debe tomar en cuenta las manifestaciones clínicas del paciente para obtener una sospecha, posterior a ello, es importante la realización de pruebas serológicas en donde primero se realice la detección de anticuerpos que forman parte de los criterios de SAF.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) was first described in 1982 by the scientist Graham R. V Hughes. In 2003 Hughes and Khamasht managed to identify an uncommon variable of FAS called seronegative, which manifests with the characteristic thrombolytic picture of this disease however there is absence of positivity in serological tests, because it is a pathology of difficult identification and diagnosis requires special attention since it can lead to multiple complications if not treated in a timely manner. Objective. To describe the diagnosis and treatment of Seronegative Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Methodology. A systematic review was carried out including original studies, meta-analysis and experimental studies published in the last 5 years in English and Spanish. Virtual databases such as Pubmed, Scielo and Google Scholar were used. Conclusion. Seronegative antiphospholipid syndrome is a pathology that is difficult to recognize due to the negativity reflected in serological tests. For diagnosis, the clinical manifestations of the patient should be taken into account initially to obtain a suspicion, after which it is important to carry out serological tests in which the detection of antibodies that are part of the criteria for FAS should be performed first.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO A síndrome antifosfolipídica (SAF) foi descrita pela primeira vez em 1982 pelo cientista Graham R. V Hughes. Em 2003, Hughes e Khamasht conseguiram identificar uma variável rara da SAF denominada soronegativa, que se manifesta com o quadro trombolítico característico dessa doença, porém há ausência de positividade nos testes sorológicos, pois se trata de uma patologia de difícil identificação e o diagnóstico requer atenção especial, uma vez que pode levar a múltiplas complicações se não for tratada em tempo hábil. Objetivo. Descrever o diagnóstico e o tratamento da Síndrome do Anticorpo Antifosfolípide Soronegativo. Metodologia. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática incluindo estudos originais, meta-análises e estudos experimentais publicados nos últimos 5 anos em inglês e espanhol. Foram utilizados bancos de dados virtuais como Pubmed, Scielo e Google Scholar. Conclusão. A síndrome antifosfolípide soronegativa é uma patologia de difícil reconhecimento devido à negatividade refletida nos testes sorológicos. Para o diagnóstico, inicialmente devem ser levadas em conta as manifestações clínicas do paciente para obter uma suspeita e, em seguida, é importante realizar testes sorológicos nos quais se realiza primeiro a detecção de anticorpos que fazem parte dos critérios da SAF.

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          Seronegative antiphospholipid syndrome: refining the value of “non-criteria” antibodies for diagnosis and clinical management

          Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by arterial and venous thrombotic manifestations and/or pregnancy-related complications in patients with persistently high antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), the most common being represented by anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL), anti-beta 2 glycoprotein-I (aβ2GPI), and lupus anticoagulant (LAC). A growing number of studies have showed that, in some cases, patients may present with clinical features of APS but with temporary positive or persistently negative titers of aPL. For these patients, the definition of seronegative APS (SN-APS) has been proposed. Nevertheless, the negativity to classic aPL criteria does not imply that other antibodies may be present or involved in the onset of thrombosis. The diagnosis of SN-APS is usually made by exclusion, but its recognition is important to adopt the most appropriate anti-thrombotic strategy to reduce the rate of recurrences. This research is in continuous development as the clinical relevance of these antibodies is far from being completely clarified. The most studied antibodies are those against phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, vimentin/cardiolipin complex, and annexin A5. Moreover, the assays to measure the levels of these antibodies have not yet been standardized. In this review, we will summarize the evidence on the most studied non-criteria aPL, their potential clinical relevance, and the antithrombotic therapeutic strategies available in the setting of APS and SN-APS.
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            Comparative study of obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (OAPS) and non-criteria obstetric APS (NC-OAPS): report of 1640 cases from the EUROAPS registry

            To compare clinical features, laboratory data and fetal-maternal outcomes between 1000 women with obstetric APS (OAPS) and 640 with aPL-related obstetric complications not fulfilling Sydney criteria (non-criteria OAPS, NC-OAPS). This was a retrospective and prospective multicentre study from the European Registry on Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome. A total of 1650 women with 5251 episodes, 3601 of which were historical and 1650 latest episodes, were included. Altogether, 1000 cases (OAPS group) fulfilled the Sydney classification criteria and 650 (NC-OAPS group) did not. Ten NC-OAPS cases were excluded for presenting thrombosis during follow-up. All cases were classified as category I (triple positivity or double positivity for aPL) or category II (simple positivity). Overall, aPL laboratory categories showed significant differences: 29.20% in OAPS vs 17.96% in NC-OAPS (P < 0.0001) for category I, and 70.8% in OAPS vs 82% in NC-OAPS (P < 0.0001) for category II. Significant differences were observed when current obstetric complications were compared (P < 0.001). However, major differences between groups were not observed in treatment rates, livebirths and thrombotic complications. In the NC-OAPS group, 176/640 (27.5%) did not fulfil Sydney clinical criteria (subgroup A), 175/640 (27.34%) had a low titre and/or non-persistent aPL positivity but did meet the clinical criteria (subgroup B) and 289/640 (45.15%) had a high aPL titre but did not fulfil Sydney clinical criteria (subgroup C). Significant clinical and laboratory differences were found between groups. Fetal-maternal outcomes were similar in both groups when treated. These results suggest that we could improve our clinical practice with better understanding of NC-OAPS patients.
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              Antiphospholipid syndrome.

              Antiphospholipid syndrome is one of the more common acquired causes of hypercoagulability. Its major presentations are thrombotic (arterial, venous, or microvascular) and pregnancy morbidity (miscarriages, late intrauterine fetal demise, and severe pre-eclampsia). Classification criteria include 3 different antiphospholipid antibodies: lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin, and anti-beta 2 glycoprotein I. Management includes both preventive strategies (low-dose aspirin, hydroxychloroquine) and long-term anticoagulation after thrombosis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                vrs
                Vive Revista de Salud
                Vive Rev. Salud
                CET-BOLIVIA (La Paz, , Bolivia )
                2664-3243
                April 2023
                : 6
                : 16
                : 240-250
                Affiliations
                [1] Cuenca Azuay orgnameUniversidad Católica de Cuenca Ecuador
                Article
                S2664-32432023000100240 S2664-3243(23)00601600240
                10.33996/revistavive.v6i16.222
                ac7b53dd-85a8-46e3-9308-f283c4cde2aa

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 November 2022
                : 15 December 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Bolivia


                Terapêutica,Diagnóstico,Síndrome Antifosfolípide,Therapeutics,Diagnosis,Antiphospholipid Síndrome,Terapéutica,Síndrome Antifosfolipídico

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