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      International Journal of Nanomedicine (submit here)

      This international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal by Dove Medical Press focuses on the application of nanotechnology in diagnostics, therapeutics, and drug delivery systems throughout the biomedical field. Sign up for email alerts here.

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      Recent advances of chitosan nanoparticles as drug carriers

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          Abstract

          Chitosan nanoparticles are good drug carriers because of their good biocompatibility and biodegradability, and can be readily modified. As a new drug delivery system, they have attracted increasing attention for their wide applications in, for example, loading protein drugs, gene drugs, and anticancer chemical drugs, and via various routes of administration including oral, nasal, intravenous, and ocular. This paper reviews published research on chitosan nanoparticles, including its preparation methods, characteristics, modification, in vivo metabolic processes, and applications.

          Most cited references92

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          Nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery.

          Nanotechnology could be defined as the technology that has allowed for the control, manipulation, study, and manufacture of structures and devices in the "nanometer" size range. These nano-sized objects, e.g., "nanoparticles", take on novel properties and functions that differ markedly from those seen from items made of identical materials. The small size, customized surface, improved solubility, and multi-functionality of nanoparticles will continue to open many doors and create new biomedical applications. Indeed, the novel properties of nanoparticles offer the ability to interact with complex cellular functions in new ways. This rapidly growing field requires cross-disciplinary research and provides opportunities to design and develop multifunctional devices that can target, diagnose, and treat devastating diseases such as cancer. This article presents an overview of nanotechnology for the biologist and discusses the attributes of our novel XPclad((c)) nanoparticle formulation that has shown efficacy in treating solid tumors, single dose vaccination, and oral delivery of therapeutic proteins.
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            Biodegradation, biodistribution and toxicity of chitosan.

            Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide that has attracted significant scientific interest during the last two decades. It is a potentially biologically compatible material that is chemically versatile (-NH2 groups and various M(w)). These two basic properties have been used by drug delivery and tissue engineering scientists to create a plethora of formulations and scaffolds that show promise in healthcare. Despite the high number of published studies, chitosan is not approved by the FDA for any product in drug delivery, and as a consequence very few biotech companies are using this material. This review will aim to provide information on these biological properties that affect chitosan's safe use in drug delivery. The term "Chitosan" represents a large group of structurally different chemical entities that may show different biodistribution, biodegradation and toxicological profiles. Here we aim to review research in this area and critically discuss chitosan's potential to be used as a generally regarded as safe (GRAS) material. 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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              Targeted delivery of low molecular drugs using chitosan and its derivatives.

              Chitosan has prompted the continuous impetus for the development of safe and effective drug delivery systems because of its unique physicochemical and biological characteristics. The primary hydroxyl and amine groups located on the backbone of chitosan allow for chemical modification to control its physical properties. When the hydrophobic moiety is conjugated to a chitosan molecule, the resulting amphiphile may form self-assembled nanoparticles that can encapsulate a quantity of drugs and deliver them to a specific site of action. Chemical attachment of the drug to the chitosan throughout the functional linker may produce useful prodrugs, exhibiting the appropriate biological activity at the target site. Mucoadhesive and absorption enhancement properties of chitosan increase the in vivo residence time of the dosage form in the gastrointestinal tract and improve the bioavailability of various drugs. The main objective of this review is to provide an insight into various target-specific carriers, based on chitosan and its derivatives, towards low molecular weight drug delivery. The first part of the review is concerned with the organ-specific delivery of low molecular drugs using chitosan and its derivatives. The subsequent section considers the recent developments of drug delivery carriers for cancer therapy with special focus on various targeting strategies. 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Int J Nanomedicine
                International Journal of Nanomedicine
                Dove Medical Press
                1176-9114
                1178-2013
                2011
                2011
                11 April 2011
                : 6
                : 765-774
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Research Center for Biomedicine and Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China;
                [2 ]College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Zhao Wu Zeng, Research Center for Biomedicine and Health, Hangzhou Normal University, 222 Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 571 2886 2281, Fax +86 571 2886 5630, Email artgreenking@ 123456126.com
                Article
                ijn-6-765
                10.2147/IJN.S17296
                3090273
                21589644
                aca43e2c-3fba-4363-9989-2efcd9e03cba
                © 2011 Wang et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd.

                This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 8 April 2011
                Categories
                Review

                Molecular medicine
                chitosan nanoparticle,application,preparation,drug delivery system,modification
                Molecular medicine
                chitosan nanoparticle, application, preparation, drug delivery system, modification

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