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      Visual Place Learning in Drosophila melanogaster

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          Abstract

          The ability of insects to learn and navigate to specific locations in the environment has fascinated naturalists for decades. While the impressive navigation abilities of ants, bees, wasps, and other insects clearly demonstrate that insects are capable of visual place learning 14 , little is known about the underlying neural circuits that mediate these behaviors. Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model organism for dissecting the neural circuitry underlying complex behaviors, from sensory perception to learning and memory. Flies can identify and remember visual features such as size, color, and contour orientation 5, 6 . However, the extent to which they use vision to recall specific locations remains unclear. Here we describe a visual place-learning platform and demonstrate that Drosophila are capable of forming and retaining visual place memories to guide selective navigation. By targeted genetic silencing of small subsets of cells in the Drosophila brain we show that neurons in the ellipsoid body, but not in the mushroom bodies, are necessary for visual place learning. Together, these studies reveal distinct neuroanatomical substrates for spatial versus non-spatial learning, and substantiate Drosophila as a powerful model for the study of spatial memories.

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          Most cited references27

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          Mushroom body memoir: from maps to models.

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            Spatial localization does not require the presence of local cues

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              Functional imaging of hippocampal place cells at cellular resolution during virtual navigation

              Spatial navigation is a widely employed behavior in rodent studies of neuronal circuits underlying cognition, learning and memory. In vivo microscopy combined with genetically-encoded indicators provides important new tools to study neuronal circuits, but has been technically difficult to apply during navigation. We describe methods to image the activity of hippocampal CA1 neurons with sub-cellular resolution in behaving mice. Neurons expressing the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP3 were imaged through a chronic hippocampal window. Head-fixed mice performed spatial behaviors within a setup combining a virtual reality system and a custom built two-photon microscope. Populations of place cells were optically identified, and the correlation between the location of their place fields in the virtual environment and their anatomical location in the local circuit was measured. The combination of virtual reality and high-resolution functional imaging should allow for a new generation of studies to probe neuronal circuit dynamics during behavior.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                0410462
                6011
                Nature
                Nature
                Nature
                0028-0836
                1476-4687
                9 August 2011
                08 June 2011
                09 December 2011
                : 474
                : 7350
                : 204-207
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
                [2 ]Departments of Neurobiology and Neuroscience, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0649, USA
                [3 ]Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics and of Neuroscience, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
                Author notes
                Corresponding Authors Correspondence to: Charles S. Zuker ( cz2195@ 123456columbia.edu ) and Michael B. Reiser ( reiserm@ 123456janelia.hhmi.org )
                Article
                hhmipa313094
                10.1038/nature10131
                3169673
                21654803
                acab5ac3-f518-4008-a5f0-5217c09ab94e

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                Funding
                Funded by: Howard Hughes Medical Institute :
                Award ID: || HHMI_
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