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      SISTEMAS SILVOPASTORILES: ALTERNATIVA EN LA MITIGACIÓN Y ADAPTACIÓNDE LA PRODUCCIÓN BOVINA AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO Translated title: SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEMS: AN ALTERNATIVE IN THE MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION OF BOVINE PRODUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE

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          Abstract

          Resumen El deterioro de los recursos naturales y el calentamiento global generado por la mayor concentración en la atmósfera de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) han puesto en riesgo la vida como se la conoce hoy en el planeta. La producción pecuaria y en mayor medida la producción bovina, contribuyen a la estabilidad socioeconómica de los países y a la calidad de vida de miles de personas. Objetivo: fundamentar la posición actual de la producción bovina como una actividad contaminante mundial, al generar dióxido de carbono (CO2), metano (CH4) y óxido nitroso (N2O) a través de la fermentación entérica, la producción de estiércol y la deforestación realizada para su extensión las cuales contribuyen con el cambio climático (CC), y analizar los argumentos que evidencian al sector ganadero como una oportunidad de mitigación y adaptación al CC a través de la aplicación de estrategias sostenibles de producción. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión de tipo documental. Conclusión: El aumento en la productividad animal haciendo uso eficiente de los recursos naturales, es la estrategia más relevante en la adaptación y mitigación de los efectos del CC por parte de la producción bovina, y los sistemas silvopastoriles (SSP) se convierten en la herramienta fundamental para lograrlo.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The deterioration of natural resources and global warming generated by the increased concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere have put life as we know it at risk. Livestock production and, to a greater extent, cattle production contribute to the socio-economic stability of the countries and the quality of life of thousands of people. Objective: Base the current position of the bovine production as a global pollutant activity, as it generates carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) through enteric fermentation, manure production and deforestation carried out for its spread which contribute to climate change (CC). Also, analyze the arguments that show the livestock industry as an opportunity to mitigate and adapt to the CC through the application of sustainable production strategies. Methodology: A literature review was carried out. Conclusion: The most relevant strategy in adapting to and mitigating the effects of CC from bovine production is the increase of animal productivity that makes efficient use of natural resources, and silvopastoral systems (SPSs) become the fundamental tool for achieving this purpose.

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          Most cited references45

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          Methane emissions from cattle.

          Increasing atmospheric concentrations of methane have led scientists to examine its sources of origin. Ruminant livestock can produce 250 to 500 L of methane per day. This level of production results in estimates of the contribution by cattle to global warming that may occur in the next 50 to 100 yr to be a little less than 2%. Many factors influence methane emissions from cattle and include the following: level of feed intake, type of carbohydrate in the diet, feed processing, addition of lipids or ionophores to the diet, and alterations in the ruminal microflora. Manipulation of these factors can reduce methane emissions from cattle. Many techniques exist to quantify methane emissions from individual or groups of animals. Enclosure techniques are precise but require trained animals and may limit animal movement. Isotopic and nonisotopic tracer techniques may also be used effectively. Prediction equations based on fermentation balance or feed characteristics have been used to estimate methane production. These equations are useful, but the assumptions and conditions that must be met for each equation limit their ability to accurately predict methane production. Methane production from groups of animals can be measured by mass balance, micrometeorological, or tracer methods. These techniques can measure methane emissions from animals in either indoor or outdoor enclosures. Use of these techniques and knowledge of the factors that impact methane production can result in the development of mitigation strategies to reduce methane losses by cattle. Implementation of these strategies should result in enhanced animal productivity and decreased contributions by cattle to the atmospheric methane budget.
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            Effects of sampling location and time, and host animal on assessment of bacterial diversity and fermentation parameters in the bovine rumen.

            To investigate, using culture-independent methods, whether the ruminal bacterial structure, population and fermentation parameters differed between sampling locations and time. The detectable bacteria and fermentation parameters in the digesta from five locations in the rumen of three cows at three time points were analysed. The PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) profiles were similar among digesta samples from five locations (95.4%) and three time points (93.4%) within cows; however, a lower similarity was observed for samples collected from different host animals (85.5%). Rumen pH and concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) were affected by time points of sampling relative to feeding. The detectable bacterial structure in the rumen is highly conserved among different locations and over time, while the quantity of individual bacterial species may change diurnally in response to the feeding. This study supplies the fundamental understanding of the microbial ecology in the rumen, which is essential for manipulation of ruminal microflora and subsequent improvement in animal production.
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              Essential oils and opportunities to mitigate enteric methane emissions from ruminants

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bccm
                Boletín Científico. Centro de Museos. Museo de Historia Natural
                Bol. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat. Univ. Caldas
                Universidad de Caldas. Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones y Postgrados (Manizales, Caldas, Colombia )
                0123-3068
                January 2018
                : 22
                : 1
                : 31-42
                Affiliations
                [1] Manizales Caldas orgnameUniversidad de Caldas Colombia
                [2] Manizales Caldas orgnameUniversidad de Caldas Colombia
                Article
                S0123-30682018000100031 S0123-3068(18)02200100031
                10.17151/bccm.2018.22.1.2
                accc572a-fb7e-4525-a8a8-ad3651021a54

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 November 2017
                : 22 November 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 46, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
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                Conservación

                greenhouse effect,gases,livestock,agroforestry systems,efecto invernadero,ganadería,sistemas agroforestales

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