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      Rapid Immobilization of Simulated Radioactive Soil Waste Using Self-Propagating Synthesized Gd 2Ti 2O 7 Pyrochlore Matrix

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          Abstract

          A rapid and effective method is necessary in the disposal of severely radioactive contaminated soil waste. Simulated Ce-bearing radioactive soil waste was immobilized by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) within 5 min in this study. The main work includes the rapid synthesis of soil waste forms, the analysis of phase composition, microstructure and chemical durability. These results show that the simulated nuclide Ce was successfully immobilized into the pyrochlore-rich waste matrice, whose main phases are SiO 2, pyrochlore (Gd 2Ti 2O 7) and Cu. The normalized leaching rates of Si and Na on the 42nd day are 1.86 × 10 −3 and 1.63 × 10 −2 g·m −2·d −1, respectively. And the normalized leaching rate of Ce also remains at low level (10 −5–10 −6 g·m −2·d −1) within 42 days.

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          Cesium-137 deposition and contamination of Japanese soils due to the Fukushima nuclear accident.

          T. Yasunari, A. Stohl, R. S. Hayano … (2011)
          The largest concern on the cesium-137 ((137)Cs) deposition and its soil contamination due to the emission from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) showed up after a massive quake on March 11, 2011. Cesium-137 ((137)Cs) with a half-life of 30.1 y causes the largest concerns because of its deleterious effect on agriculture and stock farming, and, thus, human life for decades. Removal of (137)Cs contaminated soils or land use limitations in areas where removal is not possible is, therefore, an urgent issue. A challenge lies in the fact that estimates of (137)Cs emissions from the Fukushima NPP are extremely uncertain, therefore, the distribution of (137)Cs in the environment is poorly constrained. Here, we estimate total (137)Cs deposition by integrating daily observations of (137)Cs deposition in each prefecture in Japan with relative deposition distribution patterns from a Lagrangian particle dispersion model, FLEXPART. We show that (137)Cs strongly contaminated the soils in large areas of eastern and northeastern Japan, whereas western Japan was sheltered by mountain ranges. The soils around Fukushima NPP and neighboring prefectures have been extensively contaminated with depositions of more than 100,000 and 10,000 MBq km(-2), respectively. Total (137)Cs depositions over two domains: (i) the Japan Islands and the surrounding ocean (130-150 °E and 30-46 °N) and, (ii) the Japan Islands, were estimated to be approximately 6.7 and 1.3 PBq, [corrected] respectively.We hope our (137)Cs deposition maps will help to coordinate decontamination efforts and plan regulatory measures in Japan.
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            Characterization and remediation of soils contaminated with uranium.

            Lucian Pavel, Maria Gavrilescu, Igor Cretescu (2009)
            Environmental contamination caused by radionuclides, in particular by uranium and its decay products is a serious problem worldwide. The development of nuclear science and technology has led to increasing nuclear waste containing uranium being released and disposed in the environment. The objective of this paper is to develop a better understanding of the techniques for the remediation of soils polluted with radionuclides (uranium in particular), considering: the chemical forms of uranium, including depleted uranium (DU) in soil and other environmental media, their characteristics and concentrations, and some of the effects on environmental and human health; research issues concerning the remediation process, the benefits and results; a better understanding of the range of uses and situations for which each is most appropriate. The paper addresses the main features of the following techniques for uranium remediation: natural attenuation, physical methods, chemical processes (chemical extraction methods from contaminated soils assisted by various suitable chelators (sodium bicarbonate, citric acid, two-stage acid leaching procedure), extraction using supercritical fluids such as solvents, permeable reactive barriers), biological processes (biomineralization and microbial reduction, phytoremediation, biosorption), and electrokinetic methods. In addition, factors affecting uranium removal from soils are furthermore reviewed including soil characteristics, pH and reagent concentration, retention time.
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              Immobilisation of high level nuclear reactor wastes in SYNROC

              A. E. Ringwood, S. E. Kesson, N. Ware … (1979)
              Article 0 comments Cited 51 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Materials (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Materials (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): materials
                Title: Materials
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1996-1944
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 April 2019
                Publication date Collection: April 2019
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 7
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1163
                Affiliations
                [1 ]State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; xuejiali0304@ 123456163.com (J.X.); hezongsheng@ 123456swust.edu.cn (Z.H.); zhaowenwen@ 123456swust.du.cn (W.Z.); liweiwei@ 123456swust.du.cn (W.L.); xiedayan@ 123456swust.edu.cn (D.X.); luobaozhu@ 123456swust.edu.cn (B.L.)
                [2 ]Sichuan Civil-Military Integration Institute, Mianyang 621010, China
                [3 ]State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; kaixu@ 123456whut.edu.cn
                [4 ]Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: zhangkuibao@ 123456swust.edu.cn (K.Z.); hbzhang@ 123456caep.cn (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-816-241-9492 (K.Z.)
                Article
                Publisher ID: materials-12-01163
                DOI: 10.3390/ma12071163
                PMC ID: 6479954
                PubMed ID: 30974761
                SO-VID: accfce66-f136-4663-9d1b-0f7b897d58a0
                Copyright © © 2019 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 22 February 2019
                Date accepted : 08 April 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: radioactive soil waste,gd2ti2o7 pyrochlore,shs,ceo2,immobilization
                Data availability:
                Keywords: radioactive soil waste, gd2ti2o7 pyrochlore, shs, ceo2, immobilization

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