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      Respirator masks protect health but impact performance: a review

      review-article
      Author(s):
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Journal of Biological Engineering
      Publisher: BioMed Central
      Keywords: Exercise, Respiration, Heat, Vision, Communications, Anxiety, Heart

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          Abstract

          Respiratory protective masks are used whenever it is too costly or impractical to remove airborne contamination from the atmosphere. Respirators are used in a wide range of occupations, form the military to medicine. Respirators have been found to interfere with many physiological and psychological aspects of task performance at levels from resting to maximum exertion. Many of these limitations have been investigated in order to determine quantitatively how much performance decrement can be expected from different levels of respirator properties. The entire system, including respirator and wearer interactions, must be considered when evaluating wearer performances. This information can help respirator designers to determine trade-offs or managers to plan to compensate for reduced productivity of wearers.

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          Maximum static inspiratory and expiratory pressures with different lung volumes

          Christopher G Lausted, Arthur Johnson, William Scott … (2006)
          Background Maximum pressures developed by the respiratory muscles can indicate the health of the respiratory system, help to determine maximum respiratory flow rates, and contribute to respiratory power development. Past measurements of maximum pressures have been found to be inadequate for inclusion in some exercise models involving respiration. Methods Maximum inspiratory and expiratory airway pressures were measured over a range of lung volumes in 29 female and 19 male adults. A commercial bell spirometry system was programmed to occlude airflow at nine target lung volumes ranging from 10% to 90% of vital capacity. Results In women, maximum expiratory pressure increased with volume from 39 to 61 cmH2O and maximum inspiratory pressure decreased with volume from 66 to 28 cmH2O. In men, maximum expiratory pressure increased with volume from 63 to 97 cmH2O and maximum inspiratory pressure decreased with volume from 97 to 39 cmH2O. Equations describing pressures for both sexes are: Pe/Pmax = 0.1426 Ln( %VC) + 0.3402 R2 = 0.95 Pi/Pmax = 0.234 Ln(100 - %VC) - 0.0828 R2 = 0.96 Conclusion These results were found to be consistent with values and trends obtained by other authors. Regression equations may be suitable for respiratory mechanics models.
          Article 0 comments Cited 13 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Influence of anxiety level on work performance with and without a respirator mask.

            Arthur Johnson, Cathryn Dooly, Cassandra Blanchard … (2010)
            Work performance of mask wearers has been shown to be less than performance of the same individuals without masks. How much this performance decrement is attributable to psychological factors was the subject of this study. This experiment was designed to give quantitative information about the effect of anxiety level on relative work performance while wearing a respirator mask. Twenty subjects were tested for trait anxiety levels and performed on a treadmill at 80-85% of their maximum heart rates until they reached voluntary end-point. Physiological, metabolic, and subjective measurements were taken every minute. While experimental variability precluded many of the results from achieving statistical significance, performance times with the mask averaged less than without the mask. Anxious subjects experience more discomfort, perform for shorter times, and accomplish less total work than their lower anxiety counterparts, even when rate of work can be adjusted.
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              Effect of Respirator Inspiratory Resistance Level on Constant Load Treadmill Work Performance

              Arthur Johnson, William Scott, Christopher G Lausted … (1999)
              Article 0 comments Cited 9 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Arthur T. Johnson: 1-301-405-1184 , artjohns@umd.edu
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Biol Eng
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Biol Eng
                Title: Journal of Biological Engineering
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1754-1611
                Publication date (Electronic): 9 February 2016
                Publication date PMC-release: 9 February 2016
                Publication date Collection: 2016
                Volume: 10
                Electronic Location Identifier: 4
                Affiliations
                Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
                Article
                Publisher ID: 25
                DOI: 10.1186/s13036-016-0025-4
                PMC ID: 4748517
                PubMed ID: 26865858
                SO-VID: ace32353-78a6-41b9-984a-db291095451d
                Copyright © © Johnson. 2016
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                Date received : 16 June 2015
                Date accepted : 1 February 2016
                Categories
                Subject: Review
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2016

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biotechnology
                Keywords: exercise,respiration,heat,vision,communications,anxiety,heart
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biotechnology
                Keywords: exercise, respiration, heat, vision, communications, anxiety, heart

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