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      Hypolipidemic Activities of Dietary Pleurotus ostreatus in Hypercholesterolemic Rats

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          Abstract

          This work was conducted to investigate dietary supplementation of oyster mushroom fruiting bodies on biochemical and histological changes in hyper and normocholesterolemic rats. Six-week old female Sprague-Dawley albino rats were divided into three groups of 10 rats each. Feeding a diet containing a 5% powder of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies to hypercholesterolemic rats reduced plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total lipid, phospholipids, and LDL/high-density lipoprotein ratio by 30.18, 52.75, 59.62, 34.15, 23.89, and 50%, respectively. Feeding oyster mushrooms also significantly reduced body weight in hypercholesterolemic rats. However, it had no adverse effects on plasma albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, creatinin, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, glucose, total protein, calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, inorganic phosphate, magnesium, or enzyme profiles. Feeding mushroom increased total lipid and cholesterol excretion in feces. The plasma lipoprotein fraction, separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, indicated that P. ostreatus significantly reduced plasma β and pre-β-lipoprotein but increased α-lipoprotein. A histological study of hepatic cells by conventional hematoxylin-eosin and oil red O staining revealed normal findings for mushroom-fed hypercholesterolemic rats. These results suggest that a 5% P. ostreatus diet supplement provided health benefits by acting on the atherogenic lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic rats.

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          Most cited references30

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          Beyond cholesterol. Modifications of low-density lipoprotein that increase its atherogenicity.

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            Hypocholesterolemic and antiatherogenic effect of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in rabbits.

            The addition of 10% dried fruiting bodies of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) to the diet containing 1% of cholesterol reduced serum cholesterol levels by 65% and cholesterol content in liver, heart, long extensor muscle and aorta of male rabbits (Chinchilla) by 60, 47, 25 and 80%, respectively. The decrease in total serum cholesterol was affected primarily (by 70%) by reduced cholesterol content in very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) while the contribution of high density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol increased by a factor of 3. Oyster mushroom diet reduced by 60-70% the content of conjugated dienes in plasma, erythrocytes and liver, however, it did not affect significantly the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Oyster mushroom diet reduced significantly the incidence of atherosclerotic plaques as estimated by sudanophilia (absence of positive-reaction in 3 of 5 animals) as well as plaque size (26% vs. 2% of the area with positive reaction in control and oyster mushroom-treated animals, respectively). While all animals on control diet showed atherogenic changes in aorta, oyster mushroom diet prevented the development of these changes in three animals. Fatty streaks and fibromatous plaques were found in the remaining two animals from this group. Oyster mushroom prevented the formation of atheroma plaques (found in three cases from the control diet group) and reduced the incidence of segmental injury of coronary arteria and of focal fibrosis of myocardium. Oyster mushroom caused lower incidence of foam cells in all types of lesions.
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              The hypotensive effect of docosahexaenoic acid is associated with the enhanced release of ATP from the caudal artery of aged rats.

              Fish oils have been shown to lower blood pressure in hypertensive subjects. To determine the mechanism of this hypotensive effect, we examined the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), one of the (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oil, on blood pressure and on the release of adenyl purines, such as ATP, ADP, AMP and adenosine, from the caudal arteries of aged rats. Aged female Wistar rats (100 wk) were fed a high cholesterol diet and were administered intragastrically ethyl all-cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoate [300 mg/(kg.d)] for 12 wk (DHA group) or vehicle alone (control group). Compared with the controls, rats supplemented with DHA had significantly greater (10.1%) DHA concentrations in the caudal arteries. This was associated with more total (n-3) arterial fatty acids, a greater unsaturation index of arterial fatty acids, 43.9% lower plasma noradrenaline levels and the repression of the elevation in blood pressure observed with advancing age. The amount of purines released, both spontaneously and in response to noradrenaline, from arterial segments of DHA-supplemented rats was significantly higher than that released from tissues of control rats. Regression analysis revealed significant negative relationships between the total amount of purines released from the artery and the systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures. These results suggest that in aged rats, supplementation with DHA alters the membrane fatty acid composition as well as the amount of ATP released from vascular endothelial cells and decreases plasma noradrenaline, and that these factors may ameliorate the rise in blood pressure normally associated with advancing age.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Mycobiology
                Mycobiology
                MB
                Mycobiology
                The Korean Society of Mycology
                1229-8093
                2092-9323
                March 2011
                23 March 2011
                : 39
                : 1
                : 45-51
                Affiliations
                Division of Life Sciences, University of Incheon, Incheon 406-840, Korea.
                Author notes
                Corresponding author ( uylee@ 123456incheon.ac.kr )
                Article
                10.4489/MYCO.2011.39.1.045
                3385090
                22783072
                ace8bff4-b985-43d8-9ced-2c469136edbd
                © The Korean Society of Mycology

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 11 January 2011
                : 16 February 2011
                Categories
                Research Article

                Plant science & Botany
                hypercholesterolemic rats,pleurotus ostreatus,agarose gel electrophoresis,hypolipidemic,atherogenic lipid profile,histopathology

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