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      Cell Culture on MEMS Platforms: A Review

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          Abstract

          Microfabricated systems provide an excellent platform for the culture of cells, and are an extremely useful tool for the investigation of cellular responses to various stimuli. Advantages offered over traditional methods include cost-effectiveness, controllability, low volume, high resolution, and sensitivity. Both biocompatible and bio-incompatible materials have been developed for use in these applications. Biocompatible materials such as PMMA or PLGA can be used directly for cell culture. However, for bio-incompatible materials such as silicon or PDMS, additional steps need to be taken to render these materials more suitable for cell adhesion and maintenance. This review describes multiple surface modification strategies to improve the biocompatibility of MEMS materials. Basic concepts of cell-biomaterial interactions, such as protein adsorption and cell adhesion are covered. Finally, the applications of these MEMS materials in Tissue Engineering are presented.

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          The control of human mesenchymal cell differentiation using nanoscale symmetry and disorder.

          Matthew J. Dalby, Nikolaj Gadegaard, Rahul S Tare … (2007)
          A key tenet of bone tissue engineering is the development of scaffold materials that can stimulate stem cell differentiation in the absence of chemical treatment to become osteoblasts without compromising material properties. At present, conventional implant materials fail owing to encapsulation by soft tissue, rather than direct bone bonding. Here, we demonstrate the use of nanoscale disorder to stimulate human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to produce bone mineral in vitro, in the absence of osteogenic supplements. This approach has similar efficiency to that of cells cultured with osteogenic media. In addition, the current studies show that topographically treated MSCs have a distinct differentiation profile compared with those treated with osteogenic media, which has implications for cell therapies.
          Article 0 comments Cited 531 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Capturing complex 3D tissue physiology in vitro.

            Linda G. Griffith, Melody Swartz (2006)
            The emergence of tissue engineering raises new possibilities for the study of complex physiological and pathophysiological processes in vitro. Many tools are now available to create 3D tissue models in vitro, but the blueprints for what to make have been slower to arrive. We discuss here some of the 'design principles' for recreating the interwoven set of biochemical and mechanical cues in the cellular microenvironment, and the methods for implementing them. We emphasize applications that involve epithelial tissues for which 3D models could explain mechanisms of disease or aid in drug development.
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              Photodegradable hydrogels for dynamic tuning of physical and chemical properties.

              April M. Kloxin, Andrea Kasko, Chelsea Salinas … (2009)
              We report a strategy to create photodegradable poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels through rapid polymerization of cytocompatible macromers for remote manipulation of gel properties in situ. Postgelation control of the gel properties was demonstrated to introduce temporal changes, creation of arbitrarily shaped features, and on-demand pendant functionality release. Channels photodegraded within a hydrogel containing encapsulated cells allow cell migration. Temporal variation of the biochemical gel composition was used to influence chondrogenic differentiation of encapsulated stem cells. Photodegradable gels that allow real-time manipulation of material properties or chemistry provide dynamic environments with the scope to answer fundamental questions about material regulation of live cell function and may affect an array of applications from design of drug delivery vehicles to tissue engineering systems.
              Article 0 comments Cited 445 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Mol Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms
                Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
                Publisher: Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
                ISSN (Electronic): 1422-0067
                Publication date Collection: December 2009
                Publication date (Electronic): 18 December 2009
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 12
                Pages: 5411-5441
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, #04-01, Singapore 138669, Singapore; E-Mails: mni@ 123456ibn.a-star.edu.sg (M.N.); whtong@ 123456ibn.a-star.edu.sg (W.H.T.); deepakc@ 123456ibn.a-star.edu.sg (D.C.); hyu@ 123456ibn.a-star.edu.sg (H.Y.)
                [2 ] NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS), #05-01, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
                [3 ] Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD9 #03-03, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
                [4 ] NUS Tissue-Engineering Programme, DSO Labs, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
                [5 ] Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
                Author notes
                [* ] Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ciliescu@ 123456ibn.a-star.edu.sg ; Tel.: +65-68247137; Fax: +65-64789082.
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijms-10-05411
                DOI: 10.3390/ijms10125411
                PMC ID: 2802002
                PubMed ID: 20054478
                SO-VID: ace8eed7-ed1e-4eb2-9737-27317e862d27
                Copyright © © 2009 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland.
                License:

                This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 13 November 2009
                Date revision received : 13 December 2009
                Date accepted : 16 December 2009
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: cell culture,biomaterials,mems platforms,biocompatibility
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: cell culture, biomaterials, mems platforms, biocompatibility

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