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      Registro identitario de la memoria: políticas de la memoria e identidad nacional Translated title: The memory identity record: politics of memory and national identity Translated title: Registro identitário da memória: políticas da memória e identidade nacional

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          Abstract

          Resumen El presente artículo es un estado de la cuestión sobre una de las líneas de investigación más significativas de la memoria colectiva, a saber: el registro identitario. Específicamente, se hace una revisión de las investigaciones sobre políticas de memoria en relación con la construcción de identidades nacionales. Para su desarrollo, se examina una serie de trabajos que dan cuenta de las relaciones entre memoria e identidad, para luego estudiar la identidad nacional a partir de las construcciones políticas de la memoria colectiva. Las investigaciones se suelen centrar en países que han sufrido conflictos armados internos, dictaduras, guerras internacionales u otro tipo de conflictos identitarios. Algunos de estos escenarios nacionales son: Israel, Rusia, las exrepúblicas de la URSS, los países de la antigua Cortina de Hierro en Europa Oriental, Francia, Alemania e Italia - principales protagonistas de la Segunda Guerra Mundial-, España y los países del Cono Sur de América Latina. En Colombia, aunque los discursos identitarios de carácter nacional han sido débiles, se ha apelado a la memoria como una forma de construir identidades refractarias a la solución política del conflicto armado, algunas de carácter victimista que intentan mantener y legitimar un statu quo y unas formas de dominación política instauradas desde la Independencia. Con base en estas experiencias, se plantean algunas conclusiones generales y propositivas del carácter político e ideológico de la memoria y la necesidad de abrirse a otros usos que permitan transformaciones sociales, una mayor democracia y la construcción de paz.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The article presents a literature review of one of the most significant research lines regarding collective memory: the memory identity record. More specifically, it reviews research on politics of memory in relation to the construction of national identities. To that effect, the article examines a series of research projects describing the relations between memory and identity and studying national identity on the basis of the political constructions of collective memory. This type of research tends to focus on countries that have experienced internal armed conflicts, dictatorships, international wars, or other types of identity conflicts. Some of these national scenarios are: Israel; Russia; the former republics of the USSR; the former Iron Curtain countries in Eastern Europe; France, Germany, and Italy - the protagonists of World War II-; Spain; and the Southern Cone countries in Latin America. Although nationally-oriented identity discourses have been scarce in Colombia, memory has been used as a way to build identities contrary to the political solution to the armed conflict, some of which adopt a victim mentality and attempt to maintain and legitimize the status quo and certain forms of political domination established since Independence. On the basis of these experiences, the article sets forth a series of conclusions and proposals regarding the political and ideological nature of memory and the need to move toward other uses of memory that allow for social transformations, enhanced democracy, and peacebuilding.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Este artigo é um estado da questão sobre uma das linhas de pesquisa mais significativas da memória coletiva: o registro identitário. Especificamente, faz-se uma revisão das pesquisas sobre políticas de memória com relação à construção de identidades nacionais. Para seu desenvolvimento, examina-se uma série de pesquisas que mostram as relações entre memória e identidade para, em seguida, estudar a identidade nacional a partir das construções políticas da memória coletiva. As pesquisas costumam se focar em países que têm sofrido conflitos armados internos, ditaduras, guerras internacionais ou outro tipo de conflitos identitários. Alguns desses cenários nacionais são: Israel, Russa, as exrepúblicas da URSS, os países da antiga Cortina de Ferro no Leste Europeu, França, Alemanha e Itália -principais protagonistas da Segunda Guerra Mundial-, Espanha e os países do Cone Sul da América Latina. Na Colômbia, embora os discursos identitários de caráter nacional sejam fracos, tem-se apelado para a memória como uma forma de construir identidades refratárias para a solução política do conflito armado, algumas de caráter vitimista que tentam manter e legitimar um statu quo e umas formas de dominação política instauradas desde a Independência. Com base nessas experiências, apresentam-se algumas conclusões gerais e propositivas do caráter político e ideológico da memória e a necessidade de se abrir a outros usos que permitam transformações sociais, uma maior democracia e a construção da paz.

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          Most cited references99

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          Sociopsychological Foundations of Intractable Conflicts

          D. Bar-Tal (2007)
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            Psicología de la liberación

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              Speaking silence: the social construction of silence in autobiographical and cultural narratives.

              Voice and silence are socially constructed in conversational interactions between speakers and listeners that are influenced by canonical cultural narratives which define lives and selves. Arguing from feminist and sociocultural theories, I make a distinction between being silenced and being silent; when being silenced is contrasted with voice, it is conceptualised as imposed, and it signifies a loss of power and self. But silence can also be conceptualised as being silent, a shared understanding that need not be voiced. More specifically, culturally dominant narratives provide for shared understandings that can remain silent; deviations from the norm call for voice, and thus in this case silence is power and voice expresses loss of power. At both the cultural and the individual level, there are tensions between culturally dominant and prescriptive narratives and narratives of resistance and deviation, leading to an ongoing dialectic between voice and silence. I end with a discussion of why, ultimately, it matters what is voiced and what is silenced for memory, identity and well-being.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rcs
                Revista Colombiana de Sociología
                Rev. colomb. soc.
                Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Facultad de Ciencias Humanas; Departamento de Sociología (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                0120-159X
                December 2017
                : 40
                : suppl 1
                : 149-172
                Affiliations
                [1] Medellín Antioquía orgnameUniversidad de San Buenaventura Colombia juand.villa@ 123456usbmed.edu.co
                [2] Medellín orgnameUniversidad San Buenaventura Colombia daniela.barrera@ 123456usbmed.edu.co
                Article
                S0120-159X2017000300149
                10.15446/rcs.v40n1Supl.65911
                ad11244f-00f6-45db-9732-efd586e75527

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 January 2017
                : 08 June 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 105, Pages: 24
                Product

                SciELO Colombia


                conflict,national identity,collective memory,politics of memory,conflicto,identidad nacional,memoria colectiva,políticas de la memoria,conflito,identidade nacional,memória coletiva,políticas da memória

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