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      Oral Transmission of Chagas Disease by Consumption of Açaí Palm Fruit, Brazil

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          Abstract

          In 2006, a total of 178 cases of acute Chagas disease were reported from the Amazonian state of Pará, Brazil. Eleven occurred in Barcarena and were confirmed by visualization of parasites on blood smears. Using cohort and case–control studies, we implicated oral transmission by consumption of açaí palm fruit.

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          Most cited references10

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          Trapping Triatominae in silvatic habitats.

          Large-scale trials of a trapping system designed to collect silvatic Triatominae are reported. Live-baited adhesive traps were tested in various ecosystems and different triatomine habitats (arboreal and terrestrial). The trials were always successful, with a rate of positive habitats generally over 20% and reaching 48.4% for palm trees of the Amazon basin. Eleven species of Triatominae belonging to the three genera of public health importance (Triatoma, Rhodnius and Panstrongylus) were captured. This trapping system provides an effective way to detect the presence of triatomines in terrestrial and arboreal silvatic habitats and represents a promising tool for ecological studies. Various lines of research are contemplated to improve the performance of this trapping system.
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            Chagas disease cardiomyopathy: current concepts of an old disease.

            Chagas disease continues to be a significant public health problem, as ca. 10 million people are still infected with T. cruzi in Latin America. Decades after primary infection, 30% of individuals can develop a form of chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy known as Chagas disease cardiomyopathy (CCC). Data from both murine models and human studies support the view that an autoimmune response as well as a parasite-driven immune response involving inflammatory cytokines and chemokines may both play a role in generating the heart lesions leading to CCC. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the understanding of the immunopathogenesis of Chagas disease cardiomyopathy.
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              Notas sobre o Trypanosoma cruzi e suas características bio-ecológicas, como agente de enfermidades transmitidas por alimentos

              João Dias (2006)
              São revistas evidências experimentais e observações de terreno que demonstram a transmissão do Trypanosoma cruzi ao homem e vários mamíferos pela via oral, que ocorre especialmente no ciclo enzoótico do parasita. Vários tipos de alimentos e veículos de carreamento do flagelado têm sido implicados nesta modalidade de transmissão, geralmente sendo os casos humanos relacionados com triatomíneos infectados nas imediações do evento. Sumariam-se as vias de penetração (mucosas da boca, esôfago, estômago e intestino) e se descrevem os principais eventos anatomopatológicos, tais como fenômenos hemorrágicos, mesenterite e hepatite intersticial. Em particular são analisados aspectos da biologia e da bioquímica do parasita, com vistas à epidemiologia da transmissão oral e às possibilidades de sua prevenção na doença de Chagas.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Emerg Infect Dis
                EID
                Emerging Infectious Diseases
                Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                1080-6040
                1080-6059
                April 2009
                : 15
                : 4
                : 653-655
                Affiliations
                [1]Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil (A.A. Nóbrega, M.H. Garcia, E. Tatto, M.T. Obara, W.N. Araujo)
                [2]Secretariat of Public Health, Belem, Brazil (E. Costa)
                [3]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (J. Sobel)
                [4]Gonçalo Muniz Institute, Salvador, Brazil (W.N. Araujo)
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Aglaêr A. Nóbrega, Ministry of Health, Secretariat of Surveillance in Health, SCS Quadra 4 Bloco A, Edifício Principal, 6° Andar, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70.304-000, Brazil; email: aglaeran@ 123456yahoo.com.br
                Article
                08-1450
                10.3201/eid1504.081450
                2671433
                19331764
                ad407bb6-ae48-4233-a8ac-afde3e013f48
                History
                Categories
                Dispatch

                Infectious disease & Microbiology
                amazon,oral transmission,brazil,foodborne disease,açaí palm fruit,acute chagas disease,dispatch

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