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Abstract
Cardiovascular risk factors as well as morbidity and mortality from coronary heart
disease among Turkish adults are herein reviewed. Lipids and lipoproteins are in focus,
but other relevant risk factors are also discussed. Turks have distinctively low levels
of total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, associated with high levels
of hepatic lipase and fasting triglycerides. In addition, physical inactivity is common
in both genders; close to 60% of men have the smoking habit, while obesity is common
among Turkish women leading to a high prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in them.
These factors probably account for the unanticipated fact that Turkish adults have
the pattern of causes of death similar to a developed population, although the process
of industrialization is ongoing, the structure of its population is young and overall
cholesterol levels are comparatively low. The age-standardized coronary heart disease
death rate is estimated to rank among the highest in Europe. The leading independent
predictors of coronary events and death [systolic blood pressure, total/HDL-cholesterol
ratio, followed by diabetes and (central) obesity] are related to the metabolic syndrome,
estimated to prevail in 3-4% of adults aged 30 or over, and to underlie one-eighth
of cases of coronary disease. Since several adverse factors exhibit a rising trend,
primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease must assume a much higher
priority in various issues in Turkey than it currently does.