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      Sharing a Context with Other Rewarding Events Increases the Probability that Neutral Events will be Recollected

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          Abstract

          Although reward is known to enhance memory for reward-predicting events, the extent to which such memory effects spread to associated (neutral) events is unclear. Using a between-subject design, we examined how sharing a background context with rewarding events influenced memory for motivationally neutral events (tested after a 5 days delay). We found that sharing a visually rich context with rewarding objects during encoding increased the probability that neutral objects would be successfully recollected during memory test, as opposed to merely being recognized without any recall of associative detail. In contrast, such an effect was not seen when the context was not explicitly demarcated and objects were presented against a blank black background. These qualitative changes in memory were observed in the absence of any effects on overall recognition (as measured by d′). Additionally, a follow-up study failed to find any evidence to suggest that the mere presence of a context picture in the background during encoding (i.e., without the reward manipulation) produced any such qualitative changes in memory. These results suggest that reward enhances recollection for rewarding objects as well as other non-rewarding events that are representationally linked to the same context.

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          Most cited references31

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          Memory and consciousness.

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              Synaptic tagging and long-term potentiation.

              Repeated stimulation of hippocampal neurons can induce an immediate and prolonged increase in synaptic strength that is called long-term potentiation (LTP)-the primary cellular model of memory in the mammalian brain. An early phase of LTP (lasting less than three hours) can be dissociated from late-phase LTP by using inhibitors of transcription and translation, Because protein synthesis occurs mainly in the cell body, whereas LTP is input-specific, the question arises of how the synapse specificity of late LTP is achieved without elaborate intracellular protein trafficking. We propose that LTP initiates the creation of a short-lasting protein-synthesis-independent 'synaptic tag' at the potentiated synapse which sequesters the relevant protein(s) to establish late LTP. In support of this idea, we now show that weak tetanic stimulation, which ordinarily leads only to early LTP, or repeated tetanization in the presence of protein-synthesis inhibitors, each results in protein-synthesis-dependent late LTP, provided repeated tetanization has already been applied at another input to the same population of neurons. The synaptic tag decays in less than three hours. These findings indicate that the persistence of LTP depends not only on local events during its induction, but also on the prior activity of the neuron.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Hum Neurosci
                Front Hum Neurosci
                Front. Hum. Neurosci.
                Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1662-5161
                08 January 2016
                2015
                : 9
                : 683
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London London, UK
                [2] 2Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London London, UK
                [3] 3Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt University Berlin, Germany
                [4] 4Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London London, UK
                [5] 5Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
                Author notes

                Edited by: John J. Foxe, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, USA

                Reviewed by: Christiane Thiel, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Germany; Daniela Montaldi, University of Manchester, UK

                *Correspondence: Eleanor Loh, e.loh@ 123456ucl.ac.uk
                Article
                10.3389/fnhum.2015.00683
                4705271
                26778998
                ad4f3a9e-d98d-40c9-a530-e7e773c0dbb3
                Copyright © 2016 Loh, Deacon, de Boer, Dolan and Duzel.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 22 June 2015
                : 03 December 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 12, Words: 0
                Funding
                Funded by: Wellcome Trust 10.13039/100004440
                Award ID: 098362/Z/12/Z, 091593/Z/10/Z
                Categories
                Neuroscience
                Original Research

                Neurosciences
                context,memory,recollection,reward,hippocampus,dopamine
                Neurosciences
                context, memory, recollection, reward, hippocampus, dopamine

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