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      Social sleepers: The effects of social status on sleep in terrestrial mammals

      , , , , ,
      Hormones and Behavior
      Elsevier BV

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          Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain.

          The conservation of sleep across all animal species suggests that sleep serves a vital function. We here report that sleep has a critical function in ensuring metabolic homeostasis. Using real-time assessments of tetramethylammonium diffusion and two-photon imaging in live mice, we show that natural sleep or anesthesia are associated with a 60% increase in the interstitial space, resulting in a striking increase in convective exchange of cerebrospinal fluid with interstitial fluid. In turn, convective fluxes of interstitial fluid increased the rate of β-amyloid clearance during sleep. Thus, the restorative function of sleep may be a consequence of the enhanced removal of potentially neurotoxic waste products that accumulate in the awake central nervous system.
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            Neural regulation of endocrine and autonomic stress responses.

            The survival and well-being of all species requires appropriate physiological responses to environmental and homeostatic challenges. The re- establishment and maintenance of homeostasis entails the coordinated activation and control of neuroendocrine and autonomic stress systems. These collective stress responses are mediated by largely overlapping circuits in the limbic forebrain, the hypothalamus and the brainstem, so that the respective contributions of the neuroendocrine and autonomic systems are tuned in accordance with stressor modality and intensity. Limbic regions that are responsible for regulating stress responses intersect with circuits that are responsible for memory and reward, providing a means to tailor the stress response with respect to prior experience and anticipated outcomes.
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              Sleep-dependent memory consolidation.

              The concept of 'sleeping on a problem' is familiar to most of us. But with myriad stages of sleep, forms of memory and processes of memory encoding and consolidation, sorting out how sleep contributes to memory has been anything but straightforward. Nevertheless, converging evidence, from the molecular to the phenomenological, leaves little doubt that offline memory reprocessing during sleep is an important component of how our memories are formed and ultimately shaped.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Hormones and Behavior
                Hormones and Behavior
                Elsevier BV
                0018506X
                July 2022
                July 2022
                : 143
                : 105181
                Article
                10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105181
                ad56a6fe-88cb-4e35-af29-1eb9a2b0dfdd
                © 2022

                https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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