55
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      The oxidative potential of differently charged silver and gold nanoparticles on three human lung epithelial cell types

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          Nanoparticle (NPs) functionalization has been shown to affect their cellular toxicity. To study this, differently functionalized silver (Ag) and gold (Au) NPs were synthesised, characterised and tested using lung epithelial cell systems.

          Methods

          Monodispersed Ag and Au NPs with a size range of 7 to 10 nm were coated with either sodium citrate or chitosan resulting in surface charges from −50 mV to +70 mV. NP-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress were determined using A549 cells, BEAS-2B cells and primary lung epithelial cells (NHBE cells). TEER measurements and immunofluorescence staining of tight junctions were performed to test the growth characteristics of the cells. Cytotoxicity was measured by means of the CellTiter-Blue ® and the lactate dehydrogenase assay and cellular and cell-free reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured using the DCFH-DA assay.

          Results

          Different growth characteristics were shown in the three cell types used. A549 cells grew into a confluent mono-layer, BEAS-2B cells grew into a multilayer and NHBE cells did not form a confluent layer. A549 cells were least susceptible towards NPs, irrespective of the NP functionalization. Cytotoxicity in BEAS-2B cells increased when exposed to high positive charged (+65-75 mV) Au NPs. The greatest cytotoxicity was observed in NHBE cells, where both Ag and Au NPs with a charge above +40 mV induced cytotoxicity. ROS production was most prominent in A549 cells where Au NPs (+65-75 mV) induced the highest amount of ROS. In addition, cell-free ROS measurements showed a significant increase in ROS production with an increase in chitosan coating.

          Conclusions

          Chitosan functionalization of NPs, with resultant high surface charges plays an important role in NP-toxicity. Au NPs, which have been shown to be inert and often non-cytotoxic, can become toxic upon coating with certain charged molecules. Notably, these effects are dependent on the core material of the particle, the cell type used for testing and the growth characteristics of these cell culture model systems.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-014-0062-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

          Related collections

          Most cited references60

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          A study of the nucleation and growth processes in the synthesis of colloidal gold

            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Physical-chemical aspects of protein corona: relevance to in vitro and in vivo biological impacts of nanoparticles.

            It is now clearly emerging that besides size and shape, the other primary defining element of nanoscale objects in biological media is their long-lived protein ("hard") corona. This corona may be expressed as a durable, stabilizing coating of the bare surface of nanoparticle (NP) monomers, or it may be reflected in different subpopulations of particle assemblies, each presenting a durable protein coating. Using the approach and concepts of physical chemistry, we relate studies on the composition of the protein corona at different plasma concentrations with structural data on the complexes both in situ and free from excess plasma. This enables a high degree of confidence in the meaning of the hard protein corona in a biological context. Here, we present the protein adsorption for two compositionally different NPs, namely sulfonated polystyrene and silica NPs. NP-protein complexes are characterized by differential centrifugal sedimentation, dynamic light scattering, and zeta-potential both in situ and once isolated from plasma as a function of the protein/NP surface area ratio. We then introduce a semiquantitative determination of their hard corona composition using one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electrospray liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, which allows us to follow the total binding isotherms for the particles, identifying simultaneously the nature and amount of the most relevant proteins as a function of the plasma concentration. We find that the hard corona can evolve quite significantly as one passes from protein concentrations appropriate to in vitro cell studies to those present in in vivo studies, which has deep implications for in vitro-in vivo extrapolations and will require some consideration in the future.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Time evolution of the nanoparticle protein corona.

              In this work, we explore the formation of the protein corona after exposure of metallic Au nanoparticles (NPs), with sizes ranging from 4 to 40 nm, to cell culture media containing 10% of fetal bovine serum. Under in vitro cell culture conditions, zeta potential measurements, UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscope analysis were used to monitor the time evolution of the inorganic NP-protein corona formation and to characterize the stability of the NPs and their surface state at every stage of the experiment. As expected, the red-shift of the surface plasmon resonance peak, as well as the drop of surface charge and the increase of the hydrodynamic diameter indicated the conjugation of proteins to NPs. Remarkably, an evolution from a loosely attached toward an irreversible attached protein corona over time was observed. Mass spectrometry of the digested protein corona revealed albumin as the most abundant component which suggests an improved biocompatibility.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Paul.Schlinkert@sbg.ac.at
                Eudald.casals@icn.cat
                Matthew.Boyles@sbg.ac.at
                Ulrike.tischler@sbg.ac.at
                Eva.hornig@med.uni-muenchen.de
                Ngoc.tran@icn.cat
                Jiayuan.Zhao@chuv.ch
                Martin.Himly@sbg.ac.at
                Michael.Riediker@hospvd.ch
                geja.oostingh@fh-salzburg.ac.at
                victor.puntes@icn.cat
                albert.duschl@sbg.ac.at
                Journal
                J Nanobiotechnology
                J Nanobiotechnology
                Journal of Nanobiotechnology
                BioMed Central (London )
                1477-3155
                16 January 2015
                16 January 2015
                2015
                : 13
                : 1
                : 1
                Affiliations
                [ ]Department of Molecular Biology, Paris Lodron-University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
                [ ]Institute Catalá de Nanotecnologia, Barcelona, Spain
                [ ]Institute for Work and Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
                [ ]Institue for Occupational Medicine (IOM) Singapore, Downtown Core, Singapore
                [ ]Biomedical Sciences, Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, Puch, Salzburg Austria
                Article
                62
                10.1186/s12951-014-0062-4
                4304186
                25592092
                ad894831-a0ce-4895-b519-af6d5834933b
                © Schlinkert et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 15 September 2014
                : 18 December 2014
                Categories
                Research
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2015

                Biotechnology
                human lung epithelial cells,nanoparticles,cytotoxicity,ros production,surface charge
                Biotechnology
                human lung epithelial cells, nanoparticles, cytotoxicity, ros production, surface charge

                Comments

                Comment on this article