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      Avaliação da Competência de Estudantes de Medicina em Identificar Riscos à Segurança do Paciente através de Simulação Translated title: Evaluation of the Competence of Medical Students in Identifying Risks to the Safety of the Patient through Simulation

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Introdução A segurança do paciente (SP) está entre os principais temas discutidos pelos profissionais da área de saúde em todo o mundo. No Brasil, em 2016, ocorreram mais de 302 mil mortes por eventos adversos evitáveis e 70% eram de causas preveníveis, que custaram mais de 10,9 bilhões de reais. Objetivo Avaliar os conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes de estudantes do quarto e oitavo períodos do curso de Medicina sobre segurança do paciente por meio de simulação. Método Foi realizado um estudo transversal. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de dois instrumentos, um com o perfil sociodemográfico e outro a ser preenchido durante a simulação. A simulação ocorreu numa sala de laboratório preparada para reproduzir um cenário hospitalar. Foram planejados pelos pesquisadores seis riscos a serem identificados no cenário durante o tempo de sete minutos. Os dados foram analisados com uso do Epi-Info 7.1. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética da instituição. Resultado Participaram do estudo 42 estudantes, sendo 24 do quarto período e 18 do oitavo. Nenhum estudante identificou todos os seis riscos. No geral, os alunos apresentaram baixo desempenho, tendo identificado em média de dois a três riscos à segurança do paciente. O risco de administração de medicação equivocada foi percebido por 34 estudantes (81%); a falta de identificação por 15 (36%); o risco de quedas por 11 (26%); problemas de higienização das mãos por 6 (14%); o risco de procedimentos cirúrgicos equivocados por 3 (7%) e o risco de lesões por pressão não foi identificado por nenhum estudante. Três riscos adicionais não planejados pelos pesquisadores foram identificados pelos estudantes, com predomínio de identificação de dois riscos por estudantes do oitavo período. Conclusão Os estudantes apresentaram pouca competência em identificar riscos à segurança do paciente. Contudo, demonstraram melhor desempenho ao longo do curso, revelando quão importante é trabalhar a segurança do paciente já nos primeiros anos de graduação.

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          ABSTRACT Introduction Patient safety (PS) is among the main topics discussed by healthcare professionals worldwide. In Brazil, more than 302,000 deaths from preventable adverse events were reported in 2016, and 70% had preventable causes that cost more than 10.9 billion reais. Objective To evaluate the knowledge, skills and attitudes, through simulation of students of the medical course of the 4th and 8th semesters regarding the subject of patient safety. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. The data was collected through two instruments, one to ascertain the sociodemographic profile and the other to be completed during the simulation. The simulation took place in a laboratory room prepared to reproduce a hospital scenario. The researchers planned six risks to be identified in the scenario with a duration of 7 minutes. All data were analyzed by EPI-INFO 7.1. The research was approved by an ethics committee. Results A total of 42 students participated in the study, 24 and 18 of the 4th and 8th periods, respectively. No student has identified all six risks. Overall, students performed poorly, identifying on average two to three risks to patient safety. The risk of administration of wrong medication was perceived by 34 (81%); lack of identification by 15 (36%); risk of falling by 11 (26%); problems with hand hygiene by 6 (14%); risk of wrong surgical procedures by 3 (7%) and risk of pressure ulcers was not identified by any student. Three additional risks not planned by the researchers were identified by the students, especially two risks identified by 8th-period students. Conclusion Students displayed little ability to identify patient safety risks. However, they demonstrated better performance throughout the course, revealing how important it is to work on patient safety in the early years of undergraduate training.

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          Towards an International Classification for Patient Safety: key concepts and terms

          Background Understanding the patient safety literature has been compromised by the inconsistent use of language. Objectives To identify key concepts of relevance to the International Patient Safety Classification (ICPS) proposed by the World Alliance For Patient Safety of the World Health Organization (WHO), and agree on definitions and preferred terms. Methods Six principles were agreed upon—that the concepts and terms should: be applicable across the full spectrum of healthcare; be consistent with concepts from other WHO Classifications; have meanings as close as possible to those in colloquial use; convey the appropriate meanings with respect to patient safety; be brief and clear, without unnecessary or redundant qualifiers; be fit-for-purpose for the ICPS. Results Definitions and preferred terms were agreed for 48 concepts of relevance to the ICPS; these were described and the relationships between them and the ICPS were outlined. Conclusions The consistent use of key concepts, definitions and preferred terms should pave the way for better understanding, for comparisons between facilities and jurisdictions, and for trends to be tracked over time. Changes and improvements, translation into other languages and alignment with other sets of patient safety definitions will be necessary. This work represents the start of an ongoing process of progressively improving a common international understanding of terms and concepts relevant to patient safety.
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            Multimorbidity and Patient Safety Incidents in Primary Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

            Background Multimorbidity is increasingly prevalent and represents a major challenge in primary care. Patients with multimorbidity are potentially more likely to experience safety incidents due to the complexity of their needs and frequency of their interactions with health services. However, rigorous syntheses of the link between patient safety incidents and multimorbidity are not available. This review examined the relationship between multimorbidity and patient safety incidents in primary care. Methods We followed our published protocol (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42014007434). Medline, Embase and CINAHL were searched up to May 2015. Study design and quality were assessed. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for the associations between multimorbidity and two categories of patient safety outcomes: ‘active patient safety incidents’ (such as adverse drug events and medical complications) and ‘precursors of safety incidents’ (such as prescription errors, medication non-adherence, poor quality of care and diagnostic errors). Meta-analyses using random effects models were undertaken. Results Eighty six relevant comparisons from 75 studies were included in the analysis. Meta-analysis demonstrated that physical-mental multimorbidity was associated with an increased risk for ‘active patient safety incidents’ (OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.40 to 3.38) and ‘precursors of safety incidents’ (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.36 to 2.03). Physical multimorbidity was associated with an increased risk for active safety incidents (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.45 to 1.80) but was not associated with precursors of safety incidents (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.90 to 1.13). Statistical heterogeneity was high and the methodological quality of the studies was generally low. Conclusions The association between multimorbidity and patient safety is complex, and varies by type of multimorbidity and type of safety incident. Our analyses suggest that multimorbidity involving mental health may be a key driver of safety incidents, which has important implication for the design and targeting of interventions to improve safety. High quality studies examining the mechanisms of patient safety incidents in patients with multimorbidity are needed, with the goal of promoting effective service delivery and ameliorating threats to safety in this group of patients.
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              Portaria nº. 529, de 1 de abril de 2013. Institui o Programa Nacional de Segurança do Paciente (PNSP)

              (2013)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbem
                Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica
                Rev. bras. educ. med.
                Associação Brasileira de Educação Médica (Brasília, DF, Brazil )
                0100-5502
                1981-5271
                March 2019
                : 43
                : 1 suppl 1
                : 431-439
                Affiliations
                [1] Recife Pernambuco orgnameFaculdade Pernambucana de Saúde Brazil
                Article
                S0100-55022019000500431 S0100-5502(19)04300100431
                10.1590/1981-5271v43suplemento1-20180238
                ad8f3eb1-153f-49e6-a1a8-0ffed82707ed

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 08 June 2019
                : 09 April 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigo Original

                Patient Safety,Simulation Training,Students, Medical,Education, Medical,Segurança do Paciente,Treinamento por Simulação,Estudantes de Medicina,Educação Médica

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