Bio-psychosocial factors of children and adolescents with internet gaming disorder: a systematic review

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Abstract

Previous large-scale studies suggest that internet gaming disorder (IGD) among children and adolescents has become an important public concern. Minors are known to be particularly susceptible to problematic internet gaming use owing to age-related underdevelopment of cognitive control. It has been shown that precursors of addictions appear during adolescence; therefore, prevention efforts must be established targeting minors who have their first experience with addictive substances and behaviors during pubescence. Since the DSM-5 classification of IGD in 2013, studies on IGD have drastically increased in number. Thus, we performed an updated review of studies of IGD in children and adolescents to assess the clinical implications of IGD. The search included all publication years, using PubMed, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO. Across studies, the presence of IGD had a negative effect on sleep and schoolwork in minors. Additionally, family factors, including the quality of parent-child relationships, were important social factors in minors with IGD. Brain imaging studies indicate that impaired cognitive control in minors with IGD is associated with abnormal function in the prefrontal cortex and striatum. Persistent pathological online game use from childhood may aggravate abnormal brain function; therefore, preventive care and early intervention are increasingly important. Although extant research supports the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for minors with IGD, effective psychological intervention for minors with IGD is an urgent issue that requires further research. This review, which presents updated findings of IGD in minors, is expected to contribute to the development of future research and be useful in clinical practice in the field of child and adolescent psychiatry.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Nagisa Sugaya:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4803-3907

+81-(0)45-787-2610 , nagisa618@gmail.com

Tomohiro Shirasaka: shirasaka.t@gmail.com

Kenzo Takahashi: kenzo.takahashi.chgh@med.teikyo-u.ac.jp

Hideyuki Kanda: h-kanda@med.shimane-u.ac.jp

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biopsychosoc Med

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biopsychosoc Med

Title: Biopsychosocial Medicine

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1751-0759

Publication date (Electronic): 14 February 2019

Publication date PMC-release: 14 February 2019

Publication date Collection: 2019

Volume: 13

Electronic Location Identifier: 3

Affiliations

[1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 1033 6139, GRID grid.268441.d, Unit of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, , Yokohama City University, ; 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan

[2 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0569 2202, GRID grid.416933.a, Department of Psychiatry, , Teine Keijinkai Hospital, ; 1-12-1-40 Maeda, Teine-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8555 Japan

[3 ]ISNI 0000 0000 9239 9995, GRID grid.264706.1, Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, ; 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605 Japan

[4 ]ISNI 0000 0000 8661 1590, GRID grid.411621.1, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, , Shimane University, ; 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501 Japan

Author information

Nagisa Sugaya http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4803-3907

Article

Publisher ID: 144

DOI: 10.1186/s13030-019-0144-5

PMC ID: 6374886

PubMed ID: 30809270

SO-VID: ad98f2c9-b484-46f8-932d-71ecc36a9712

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.