High-intensity interval training in patients with lifestyle-induced cardiometabolic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

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Abstract

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a strong determinant of morbidity and mortality. In athletes and the general population, it is established that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is superior to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in improving CRF. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the efficacy and safety of HIIT compared to MICT in individuals with chronic cardiometabolic lifestyle diseases.

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Most cited references 41

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Short-term sprint interval versus traditional endurance training: similar initial adaptations in human skeletal muscle and exercise performance.

Martin Gibala, Jonathan Little, Martin van Essen … (2006)

Brief, intense exercise training may induce metabolic and performance adaptations comparable to traditional endurance training. However, no study has directly compared these diverse training strategies in a standardized manner. We therefore examined changes in exercise capacity and molecular and cellular adaptations in skeletal muscle after low volume sprint-interval training (SIT) and high volume endurance training (ET). Sixteen active men (21 +/- 1 years, ) were assigned to a SIT or ET group (n = 8 each) and performed six training sessions over 14 days. Each session consisted of either four to six repeats of 30 s 'all out' cycling at approximately 250% with 4 min recovery (SIT) or 90-120 min continuous cycling at approximately 65% (ET). Training time commitment over 2 weeks was approximately 2.5 h for SIT and approximately 10.5 h for ET, and total training volume was approximately 90% lower for SIT versus ET ( approximately 630 versus approximately 6500 kJ). Training decreased the time required to complete 50 and 750 kJ cycling time trials, with no difference between groups (main effects, P

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Influences of cardiorespiratory fitness and other precursors on cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in men and women.

S N Blair, J Kampert, H W Kohl … (1996)

To quantify the relation of cardiorespiratory fitness to cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and to all-cause mortality within strata of other personal characteristics that predispose to early mortality. DESIGN--Observational cohort study. We calculated CVD and all-cause death rates for low (least fit 20%), moderate (next 40%), and high (most fit 40%) fitness categories by strata of smoking habit, cholesterol level, blood pressure, and health status. Preventive medicine clinic. Participants were 25341 men and 7080 women who completed preventive medical examinations, including a maximal exercise test. Cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. There were 601 deaths during 211996 man-years of follow-up, and 89 deaths during 52982 woman-years of follow-up. Independent predictors of mortality among men, with adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were low fitness (RR, 1.52;95% CI, 1.28-1.82), smoking (RR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.39-1.97), abnormal electrocardiogram (RR, 1.64;95% CI, 1.34-2.01), chronic illness (RR, 1.63;95% CI, 1.37-1.95), increased cholesterol level (RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.13-1.59), and elevated systolic blood pressure (RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.13-1.59). The only statistically significant independent predictors of mortality in women were low fitness (RR, 2.10; 95% Cl, 1.36-3.21) and smoking (RR, 1.99; 95% Cl, 1.25-3.17). Inverse gradients were seen for mortality across fitness categories within strata of other mortality predictors for both sexes. Fit persons with any combination of smoking, elevated blood pressure, or elevated cholesterol level had lower adjusted death rates than low-fit persons with none of these characteristics. Low fitness is an important precursor of mortality. The protective effect of fitness held for smokers and nonsmokers, those with and without elevated cholesterol levels or elevated blood pressure, and unhealthy and healthy persons. Moderate fitness seems to protect against the influence of these other predictors on mortality. Physicians should encourage sedentary patients to become physically active and thereby reduce the risk of premature mortality.

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Clinical applications of arterial stiffness; definitions and reference values.

Michael F O'Rourke, Jan Staessen, Charalambos Vlachopoulos … (2002)

Arterial stiffening is the most important cause of increasing systolic and pulse pressure, and for decreasing diastolic pressure beyond 40 years of age. Stiffening affects predominantly the aorta and proximal elastic arteries, and to a lesser degree the peripheral muscular arteries. While conceptually a Windkessel model is the simplest way to visualize the cushioning function of arteries, this is not useful clinically under changing conditions when effects of wave reflection become prominent. Many measures have been applied to quantify stiffness, but all are approximations only, on account of the nonhomogeneous structure of the arterial wall, its variability in different locations, at different levels of distending pressure, and with changes in smooth muscle tone. This article summarizes the methods and indices used to estimate arterial stiffness, and provides values from a survey of the literature, followed by recommendations of an international group of workers in the field who attended the First Consensus Conference on Arterial Stiffness, which was held in Paris during 2000, under the chairmanship of M.E. Safar and E.D. Frohlich.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Br J Sports Med

Title: British journal of sports medicine

Publisher: BMJ

ISSN (Electronic): 1473-0480

ISSN (Print): 0306-3674

Publication date (Electronic): Aug 2014

Volume: 48

Issue: 16

Affiliations

[1 ] School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

[2 ] Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, KG Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.

Article

Publisher Item ID: bjsports-2013-092576

DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092576

PubMed ID: 24144531

SO-VID: ad9a723b-87c2-4eaf-b224-d1ba3475908e

History

Keywords: Aerobic Fitness/Vo2 Max,Cardiovascular,Exercise Physiology,Statistical Review

Data availability:

Keywords: Aerobic Fitness/Vo2 Max, Cardiovascular, Exercise Physiology, Statistical Review

High-intensity interval training in patients with lifestyle-induced cardiometabolic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

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Abstract

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Karger: Cardiovascular System

Most cited references 41

Short-term sprint interval versus traditional endurance training: similar initial adaptations in human skeletal muscle and exercise performance.

Influences of cardiorespiratory fitness and other precursors on cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in men and women.

Clinical applications of arterial stiffness; definitions and reference values.

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