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      Myocardial Turnover of Endogenous Opioids and Calcitonin-Gene-Related Peptide in the Human Heart and the Effects of Spinal Cord Stimulation on Pacing-Induced Angina Pectoris

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          Abstract

          Earlier studies have shown that spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has antianginal and anti-ischemic effects in severe coronary artery disease. In the present study, 14 patients were subjected to right-sided atrial catheterization and atrial pacing. The patients were paced to angina during a control session and during spinal cord stimulation. Myocardial extraction of β-endorphin (BE) during control pacing (8 ± 22%) changed to release at the maximum pacing rate during treatment (–21 ± 47%, a negative value representing release). Furthermore, the results indicate local myocardial turnover of leuenkephalin, BE and calcitonin-gene-related peptide. In addition, it is implied that SCS may induce myocardial release of BE which could explain the beneficial effects in myocardial ischemia.

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          Calcitonin gene-related peptide in cardiovascular tissues of the rat.

          P.K. Mulderry, M.A. Ghatei, J Rodrigo … (1985)
          The distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in the cardiovascular system of the rat was investigated by radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry. The nature of the immunoreactivity was studied by gel permeation and high performance liquid chromatography. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated the existence of calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerve fibres throughout the cardiovascular system. These were present in all regions of the heart, particularly in association with the coronary arteries, within the papillary muscles and within the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. Calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing fibres were found mainly in the adventitia of the arteries and veins. Calcitonin gene-related peptide concentrations were high in major arteries and veins but comparatively low in the heart, aortic arch and thoracic aorta. Chromatography showed that approximately 70% of the total immunoreactivity was identical to synthetic calcitonin gene-related peptide. Calcitonin gene-related peptide concentrations in the blood vessels of rats treated neonatally with capsaicin were not found to be significantly different from those in control animals although capsaicin caused significant reductions of calcitonin gene-related peptide levels in certain other tissues. The results of this study suggest that calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing fibres are likely to be of importance in the innervation of vascular tissues and raise the possibility that these fibres are different in character from calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing fibres found in other tissues.
          Article 0 comments Cited 14 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Spinal cord stimulation in severe angina pectoris — presentation of current studies, indications and clinical experience

            Clas Mannheimer, Lars-Erik Augustinsson, Tore Eliasson (1996)
            Article 0 comments Cited 8 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Beta-endorphin response to exercise and mental stress in patients with ischemic heart disease.

              Paula F. Miller, Kathleen C Light, Edith Bragdon … (1993)
              We compared symptomatic, hemodynamic and opioid responses of heart disease patients to exercise testing and a stressful public speaking task. Plasma beta-endorphins were measured at rest and immediately post stress. Nineteen of 50 patients had angina during exercise; 31 had asymptomatic ischemia. No patient had angina during the speech, but two had ECG changes and 39% had radionuclide changes indicating ischemia. Patients with asymptomatic ischemia on exercise had a significantly greater beta-endorphin response than those with angina. Public speaking elicited a significantly larger beta-endorphin increase relative to change in double product (an index of stress) than did exercise. (1) Patients with silent vs painful ischemia experience a greater beta-endorphin response to exercise. (2) beta-endorphin response to a speech stressor is greater than to exercise when controlled for an index of stress. (3) Increased beta-endorphin response to a speech stressor may partially explain the predominance of silent ischemia during psychological stress.
              Article 0 comments Cited 7 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CRD
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cardiology
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.0008-6312
                Title: Cardiology
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Print): 0008-6312
                ISSN (Electronic): 1421-9751
                Publication date Subscription-year: 1998
                Publication date (Print): March 1998
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 March 1998
                Volume: 89
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 170-177
                Affiliations
                aMultidisciplinary Pain Center, Department of Medicine, Östra University Hospital, b Division of Cardiology and Departments of c Neurosurgery, d Clinical Pharmacology and e Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
                Article
                Publisher ID: 6783 Other ID: Cardiology 1998;89:170–177
                DOI: 10.1159/000006783
                PubMed ID: 9570430
                SO-VID: adc6d8ed-9bea-4b0f-b385-1c1427298f7f
                Copyright © © 1998 S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 3, References: 49, Pages: 8
                Categories
                Subject: General Cardiology

                ScienceOpen disciplines: General medicine,Neurology,Cardiovascular Medicine,Internal medicine,Nephrology
                Keywords: Myocardial turnover,Opioid peptides,Calcitonin-gene-related peptide,Spinal cord stimulation
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: General medicine, Neurology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Internal medicine, Nephrology
                Keywords: Myocardial turnover, Opioid peptides, Calcitonin-gene-related peptide, Spinal cord stimulation

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