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      Graphene quantum dot-porphyrin/phthalocyanine multifunctional hybrid systems: from interfacial dialogue to application

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          Abstract

          This investigation will provide insight into the development of multifunctional graphene quantum dot-porphyrin/phthalocyanine hybrid systems and their applications in various domains including therapeutics.

          Abstract

          Engineered well-ordered hybrid nanomaterials are symbolically at a pivotal point, just ahead of the long-anticipated transformation of the human race. Incorporating newer carbon nanomaterials like graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with tetrapyrrolic porphyrins (Pp) and phthalocyanines (Pc) is crucial for achieving exquisite molecular nanoarchitectures that are superior to their individual components. The outcomes of this, particularly in the case of graphene quantum dot-porphyrin/phthalocyanine (GQD-Pp/Pc) hybrids, remain comprehensively unexplored to date. Interestingly, GQD-Pp/Pc hybrids provide a modern strategy to regulate matter by utilising intramolecular and organisational properties to create well-defined nanocomposites via a synergistic enhancement effect. The high molar absorption coefficient and enhanced energy transfer, hole and electron transfer abilities capabilities allow Pp and Pc to exhibit a wide spectrum of photophysical and photochemical features. However, their low biostability, non-specific tumor-targeting properties, hydrophobicity, and low cellular internalisation efficiency limit their extensive biomedical utility. Conjugating Pp/Pc to nanocarriers such as GQDs improves their targeted delivery, immunological tolerance, and longevity. Due to the zero-order release kinetics of GQDs, they can assist in maintaining a steady rate of photosensitiser (PS) delivery at the desired site. To completely rationalise the functionalization of GQD-Pp/Pc species at interfaces, we investigate the current prominence and future potential of porphyrin-related graphene nanosystems, especially GQDs, for the development of various applications. This encouraging report demonstrates how GQD-Pp/Pc species can be used to examine new phenomena at the multidisciplinary level. Notably, a customised hybrid system optimises amendable and diverse functional properties, yielding a ray of hope in the fields of photodynamic therapy (PDT), photocatalysis, solar cells, sensing, and beyond via various photo-physicochemical approaches such as electron transfer, catalytic transformation, light-harvesting, and axial/peripheral ligation of adducts. Gratifyingly, the covalent and non-covalent coupling of functional molecular units at interfaces enable new properties to be generated in hybrid systems.

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          Ror2 signaling regulates Golgi structure and transport through IFT20 for tumor invasiveness

          Signaling through the Ror2 receptor tyrosine kinase promotes invadopodia formation for tumor invasion. Here, we identify intraflagellar transport 20 (IFT20) as a new target of this signaling in tumors that lack primary cilia, and find that IFT20 mediates the ability of Ror2 signaling to induce the invasiveness of these tumors. We also find that IFT20 regulates the nucleation of Golgi-derived microtubules by affecting the GM130-AKAP450 complex, which promotes Golgi ribbon formation in achieving polarized secretion for cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, IFT20 promotes the efficiency of transport through the Golgi complex. These findings shed new insights into how Ror2 signaling promotes tumor invasiveness, and also advance the understanding of how Golgi structure and transport can be regulated.
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            Ultrastructural Characterization of the Lower Motor System in a Mouse Model of Krabbe Disease

            Krabbe disease (KD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the lack of β- galactosylceramidase enzymatic activity and by widespread accumulation of the cytotoxic galactosyl-sphingosine in neuronal, myelinating and endothelial cells. Despite the wide use of Twitcher mice as experimental model for KD, the ultrastructure of this model is partial and mainly addressing peripheral nerves. More details are requested to elucidate the basis of the motor defects, which are the first to appear during KD onset. Here we use transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to focus on the alterations produced by KD in the lower motor system at postnatal day 15 (P15), a nearly asymptomatic stage, and in the juvenile P30 mouse. We find mild effects on motorneuron soma, severe ones on sciatic nerves and very severe effects on nerve terminals and neuromuscular junctions at P30, with peripheral damage being already detectable at P15. Finally, we find that the gastrocnemius muscle undergoes atrophy and structural changes that are independent of denervation at P15. Our data further characterize the ultrastructural analysis of the KD mouse model, and support recent theories of a dying-back mechanism for neuronal degeneration, which is independent of demyelination.
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              Honeycomb carbon: a review of graphene.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
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                Journal
                BSICCH
                Biomaterials Science
                Biomater. Sci.
                Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                2047-4830
                2047-4849
                March 29 2022
                2022
                : 10
                : 7
                : 1647-1679
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Molecular Science and Engineering Laboratory, Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida – 201313, India
                [2 ]Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida – 201313, India
                [3 ]Environmental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi 110095, India
                [4 ]Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
                Article
                10.1039/D2BM00016D
                add7a426-6023-4b4f-a9ab-9d8e3200513d
                © 2022

                http://rsc.li/journals-terms-of-use

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