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      Disseminated histiocytic sarcoma in Asian palm civet ( Paradoxurus hermaphroditus)

      case-report

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          Abstract

          This case study had focused on a male, 7-year-old Asian palm civet ( Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) with a history of biting its tail and the development of skin masses around its inguinal area, prior to its death. Macroscopically, multiple firm white nodular masses of 0.5–5 cm in diameter were found in the subcutis of the inguinal area, and in the lungs, spleen and liver. Microscopically, masses in the skin, lungs and spleen were composed of neoplastic spindle cells admixed with mononuclear cells and multinucleated giant cells. The neoplastic cells were arranged in a sheet pattern. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were immunohistochemically positive for vimentin, Iba-1, CD 204 and Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, while the cells were negative for cytokeratin and smooth muscle actin. Based on the histopathological and immunohistochemical results, disseminated histiocytic sarcoma was diagnosed.

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          A review of histiocytic diseases of dogs and cats.

          Blake Moore (2013)
          Histiocytic proliferative disorders are commonly observed in dogs and less often cats. Histiocytic disorders occur in most of the dendritic cell (DC) lineages. Canine cutaneous histiocytoma originates from Langerhans cells (LCs) indicated by expression of CD1a, CD11c/CD18, and E-cadherin. When histiocytomas occur as multiple lesions in skin with optional metastasis to lymph nodes and internal organs, the disease resembles cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis of humans. Langerhans cell disorders do not occur in feline skin. Feline pulmonary LCH has been recognized as a cause of respiratory failure due to diffuse pulmonary infiltration by histiocytes, which express CD18 and E-cadherin and contain Birbeck's granules. In dogs and cats, histiocytic sarcomas (HS) arise from interstitial DCs that occur in most tissues of the body. Histiocytic sarcomas begin as localized lesions, which rapidly disseminate to many organs. Primary sites include spleen, lung, skin, brain (meninges), lymph node, bone marrow, and synovial tissues of limbs. An indolent form of localized HS, progressive histiocytosis, originates in the skin of cats. Hemophagocytic HS originates in splenic red pulp and bone marrow macrophages in dogs and cats. In dogs, histiocytes in hemophagocytic HS express CD11d/CD18, which is a leuko-integrin highly expressed by macrophages in splenic red pulp and bone marrow. Canine reactive histiocytic diseases, systemic histiocytosis (SH) and cutaneous histiocytosis, are complex inflammatory diseases with underlying immune dysregulation. The lesions are dominated by activated interstitial DCs and lymphocytes, which invade vessel walls and extend as vasocentric infiltrates in skin, lymph nodes, and internal organs (SH).
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            Localized and disseminated histiocytic sarcoma of dendritic cell origin in dogs.

            V Affolter, Blake Moore (2001)
            Canine histiocytic proliferative disorders include a wide spectrum of diseases characterized by different biologic behaviors. The etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases are largely unknown. The clinicopathologic, morphologic and immunophenotypic characteristics of canine localized and disseminated histiocytic sarcoma were examined in 39 dogs. Rottweilers, Bernese Mountain Dogs, and retrievers were most commonly affected (79%). Localized histiocytic sarcomas (19 dogs) arose from a single site, and metastatic lesions were observed in draining lymph nodes. Predilection sites were subcutis and underlying tissues on extremities, but tumors occurred in other locations, including spleen, lung, brain, nasal cavity, and bone marrow. Disseminated histiocytic sarcomas (20 dogs), a multisystem disease previously described as malignant histiocytosis, primarily affected spleen, lungs, bone marrow, liver, and lymph nodes. Both localized and disseminated canine histiocytic sarcomas were composed of pleomorphic tumor cell populations. CD1+, CD4-, CD11c+, CD11d-, MHC II+, ICAM-1 +, Thy-1 +/- tumor cells were identified in all snap-frozen samples (31 dogs). This phenotype is characteristic for myeloid dendritic antigen-presenting cell lineage. Hence, canine localized and disseminated histiocytic sarcomas are likely myeloid dendritic cell sarcomas. Dendritic antigen-presenting cells are a heterogeneous cell population with regards to their ontogeny, phenotype, function, and localization. The exact sublineage of the proliferating dendritic antigen-presenting cells involved in canine histiocytic sarcomas remains to be determined. Phenotypic analysis of formalin-fixed tissues from eight dogs was limited by available markers. Morphologic features and the phenotype CD18+, CD3-, and CD79a- were the most useful criteria to indicate likely histiocytic origin.
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              Histological and immunohistochemical features of histiocytic sarcoma in four domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo).

              Yasutsugu MIWA, Atigan THONGTHARB, Yousuke Murata … (2016)
              Four cases of histiocytic sarcoma in domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) are described in the present study. Tumor samples obtained from the abdominal viscera, including the spleen, were submitted for histologic examination. Microscopically, poorly demarcated masses contained numerous round- to pleomorphic-shaped cells with coarsely vacuolated and eosinophilic cytoplasm. Bizarre, binucleated tumor cells and multinucleated giant tumor cells with low phagocytic activity were commonly observed. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells in all of the cases were positive for vimentin, human leukocyte antigen-DR, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1, and lysozyme, but some of them lacked cluster of differentiation (CD)163 or CD208 expression. The survival time after surgical resection was 9 days to 5 months. Histiocytic sarcoma in the ferret is a rare, but highly aggressive, tumor commonly found in the spleen.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Vet Med Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Vet Med Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JVMS
                Title: The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
                Publisher: The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science
                ISSN (Print): 0916-7250
                ISSN (Electronic): 1347-7439
                Publication date (Electronic): 24 November 2020
                Publication date (Print): January 2021
                Volume: 83
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 108-111
                Affiliations
                [1) ]Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Chiang Mai University Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
                [2) ]Chiang Mai Night Safari, Chiang Mai 50230, Thailand
                [3) ]Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakon University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand
                [4) ]Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
                [5) ]Small Animal Hospital, Chiang Mai University Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
                [6) ]Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence to: Boonsri, K.: kittikorn.boonsri@ 123456cmu.ac.th
                Article
                Publisher ID: 20-0403
                DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0403
                PMC ID: 7870405
                PubMed ID: 33229793
                SO-VID: adefc765-733d-4179-aacf-697e0a14d968
                Copyright © ©2021 The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License. (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )

                History
                Date received : 02 July 2020
                Date accepted : 13 November 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Pathology
                Subject: Note

                Keywords: civet,disseminated histiocytic sarcoma
                Data availability:
                Keywords: civet, disseminated histiocytic sarcoma

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