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      The visual perception of emotion from masks

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      PLoS ONE
      Public Library of Science

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          Abstract

          Fifty-one adults evaluated visually-perceived emotions from 32 masks. These masks (held in the collection of the Kentucky Museum, located on the campus of Western Kentucky University) were created by artists from a wide variety of cultures spanning multiple continents. Each participant evaluated every mask along six dimensions: happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, and disgust. No previous scientific study has ever studied the general effectiveness of masks (other than Japanese Noh masks) in producing perceptions of human emotion. The results showed that the masks were effective in producing substantial variations in perceived happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, and disgust. The ability of the masks to produce effective perceptions of emotion was due to the artists’ inclusion of facial features that reliably signal emotions in everyday life.

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          Most cited references12

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          Chapter 9 Visual adaptation and retinal gain controls

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            The Noh mask effect: vertical viewpoint dependence of facial expression perception

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              Masks and masquerade in the Early Neolithic: a view from Upper Mesopotamia

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                15 January 2020
                2020
                : 15
                : 1
                : e0227951
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Psychological Sciences, Ogden College of Science and Engineering, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States of America
                [2 ] Carol Martin Gatton Academy of Mathematics and Science, Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States of America
                National Institutes of Health, UNITED STATES
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5877-1914
                Article
                PONE-D-19-23968
                10.1371/journal.pone.0227951
                6961933
                31940333
                ae0a09b2-ad67-41ed-ac68-0dd9abb81d3f
                © 2020 Norman, Wheeler

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 25 August 2019
                : 4 January 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 0, Pages: 10
                Funding
                The authors received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Emotions
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Emotions
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Emotions
                Fear
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Emotions
                Fear
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Emotions
                Happiness
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Emotions
                Happiness
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Face
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Face
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Eyes
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Eyes
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Ocular System
                Eyes
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Ocular System
                Eyes
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Neuroscience
                Sensory Perception
                Vision
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Sensory Perception
                Vision
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Sensory Perception
                Vision
                People and places
                Geographical locations
                North America
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Research Facilities
                Museum Collections
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.

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