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      Láser en cicatrización patológica postquemadura: revisión sistemática y valoración de protocolos existentes Translated title: Laser in post-burn pathological healing: systematic review and assessment of existing protocols

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción y objetivo. Una de las complicaciones más frecuentes en grandes quemados es la cicatrización hipertrófica. Son múltiples los tratamientos que se aplican, pero hasta la fecha no hay claridad respecto a la eficacia de uno sobre otro para el manejo de las secuelas de quemaduras. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la evidencia acerca del uso del láser de CO2 en cicatrices secundarias a quemaduras. Material y método. Para la búsqueda bibliográfica en LILACS y PubMed utilizamos los términos MESH: Laser therapy and/or burns or scars seleccionando metaanálisis, series prospectivas, revisiones sistemáticas y revisiones de ensayos clínicos. Resultados. Tras agrupar todas las publicaciones de los artículos y eliminar los duplicados, analizamos un total de 24 publicaciones. Conclusiones. Respecto a la evidencia analizada, el uso de láser CO2 en cicatrices postquemaduras, parece ser prometedor y seguro, sin embargo, no todos los artículos son de buena calidad y no todos los protocolos de uso de láser son extrapolables a todos los pacientes, por lo que falta evidencia de mejor calidad para concluir respecto a los verdaderos alcances de esta terapia. En relación a los protocolos analizados, estos varían en duración, factores evaluados y cantidad de sesiones realizadas. Nivel de evidencia científica 5c Terapéutico

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background and objective. One of the most frequent complications in major burns is hypertrophic scarring. There are multiple treatments that are applied, but to date, there is no clarity regarding the efficacy of one over the other for the management of burn sequelae. The objective of this work is to analyze the evidence of laser CO2 in scars secondary to burns. Methods. For the search in LILACS and PubMed, the MESH terms used were: Laser therapy and/or burns or scars, selecting meta-analysis, prospective series, systematic reviews and reviews of clinical trials. Results. After grouping all the publications of the articles and eliminating the duplicates, an analysis of a total of 24 publications was carried out. Conclusions. Regarding the analyzed evidence, the use of CO2 laser in post-burn scars seems to be promising and safe, however, not all articles are of good quality and not all laser protocols can be extrapolated to all patients, so there is a lack of better quali-ty evidence to conclude regarding the true scope of this therapy. In relation to the protocols analyzed, these vary in duration, factors evaluated and number of sessions performed. Level of evidence 5c Therapeutic

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          The patient and observer scar assessment scale: a reliable and feasible tool for scar evaluation.

          At present, various scar assessment scales are available, but not one has been shown to be reliable, consistent, feasible, and valid at the same time. Furthermore, the existing scar assessment scales appear to attach little weight to the opinion of the patient. The newly developed Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale consists of two numeric scales: the Patient Scar Assessment Scale (patient scale) and the Observer Scar Assessment Scale (observer scale). The patient and observer scales have to be completed by the patient and the observer, respectively. The patient scale's consistency and the observer scale's consistency, reliability, and feasibility were tested. For the Vancouver Scar Scale, which is the most frequently used scar assessment scale at present, the same statistical measurements were examined and the results of the observer scale and the Vancouver scale were compared. The concurrent validity of the observer scale was tested with a correlation to the Vancouver scale. Furthermore, the authors examined which specific characteristics significantly influence the general opinion of the patient and the observers on the scar areas. Four independent observers have each used the observer scale and the Vancouver scale to assess 49 burn scar areas of 3 x 3 cm belonging to 20 different patients. Subsequently, the patients completed the patient scale for their scar areas. The (internal) consistency of both the patient and the observer scales was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha, 0.76 and 0.69, respectively), whereas the consistency of the Vancouver scale appeared not to be acceptable (alpha, 0.49). The reliability of the observer scale completed by a single observer was acceptable (r = 0.73). The reliability of the Vancouver scale completed by a single observer was lower (r = 0.69). The observer scale showed better agreement than the Vancouver scale because the coefficient of variation was lower (18 percent and 22 percent, respectively). The concurrent validity of the observer scale in relation to the Vancouver scale is high (r = 0.89, p < 0.001). Linear regression of the general opinions on scars of the observer and the patient showed that the observer's opinion is influenced by vascularization, thickness, pigmentation, and relief, whereas the patient's opinion is mainly influenced by itching and the thickness of the scar. Such an impact of itching and thickness of the scar on the patient's opinion is an important and novel finding. The Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale offers a suitable, reliable, and complete scar evaluation tool.
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            Hypertrophic scarring: the greatest unmet challenge after burn injury.

            Improvements in acute burn care have enabled patients to survive massive burns that would have once been fatal. Now up to 70% of patients develop hypertrophic scars after burns. The functional and psychosocial sequelae remain a major rehabilitative challenge, decreasing quality of life and delaying reintegration into society. Approaches to optimise healing potential of burn wounds use targeted wound care and surgery to minimise the development of hypertrophic scarring. Such approaches often fail, and modulation of the established scar is continued although the optimal indication, timing, and combination of therapies have yet to be established. The need for novel treatments is paramount, and future efforts to improve outcomes and quality of life should include optimisation of wound healing to attenuate or prevent hypertrophic scarring, well-designed trials to confirm treatment efficacy, and further elucidation of molecular mechanisms to allow development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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              Rating the Burn Scar

              A reliable, objective, and universal method of assessing burn scars does not exist in today's burn literature. Such a method is necessary to provide a descriptive terminology for the comparison of burn scars and the results of treatment. The method should be applicable to patients both within an institution and between burn centers. A burn scar assessment has been devised based on physical parameters. These relate to the healing and maturation of wounds, cosmetic appearance, and the function of the healed skin. Pigmentation, vascularity, pliability, and scar height are assessed independently, with increasing score being assigned to the greater pathologic condition. Normal skin has a score of 0. Seventy-three patients were assessed by three separate occupational therapists and the findings subjected to statistical analysis for interrater reliability. For each parameter a Cohen's kappa statistic of approximately 0.5 +/- 0.1 indicates a statistically significant agreement between observers. These values were found to improve with time. This appears to be a useful tool for the assessment of burn scars, allowing objective comparison of the same scar by different observers.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cpil
                Cirugía Plástica Ibero-Latinoamericana
                Cir. plást. iberolatinoam.
                Sociedad Española de Cirugía Plástica, Reparadora y Estética (SECPRE) (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0376-7892
                1989-2055
                September 2023
                : 49
                : 3
                : 287-292
                Affiliations
                [2] Santiago orgnameHospital del Trabajador orgdiv1Servicio de Cirugía Plástica y Quemados Chile
                [3] Santiago orgnameHospital del Trabajador orgdiv1Servicio de Cirugía Plástica y Quemados Chile
                [1] Santiago orgnameHospital del Trabajador orgdiv1Servicio de Cirugía Plástica y Quemados Chile
                [4] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad de Chile Chile
                Article
                S0376-78922023000300011 S0376-7892(23)04900300011
                10.4321/s0376-78922023000300011
                ae0b5fbf-506e-493e-950a-1b47682efb96

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 September 2023
                : 25 May 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 16, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Reconstructiva

                Burns,Scars,Laser,Quemaduras,Cicatrices,Laser therapy
                Burns, Scars, Laser, Quemaduras, Cicatrices, Laser therapy

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